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Table 12 Summary on the main results of the cross-lagged model

From: Longitudinal associations between response-style strategies and abnormal eating behaviors/attitudes in adolescents: a cross-lagged panel model

direction of the relationship

Intervals

  

G4 → G5

G5 → G6

G6 → G7

G7 → G8

G8 → G9

 

Rumination

 → 

Drive for thinness

–

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/M

 

 → 

Binge eating/purging

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/S

 

 → 

Depressive symptoms

P/L

P/L

P/M

P/M

P/M

Problem-solving

 → 

Drive for thinness

–

–

–

–

–

 

 → 

Binge eating/purging

–

–

–

–

–

 

 → 

Depressive symptoms

N/M

N/M

N/M

N/M

N/S

Distraction

 → 

Drive for thinness

–

–

–

P/U

P/U

 

 → 

Binge eating/purging

P/U

P/U

P/U

P/U

–

 

 → 

Depressive symptoms

–

N/U

N/S

N/S

N/S

Drive for thinness

 → 

Rumination

P/M

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/S

 

 → 

Problem-solving

–

–

–

–

–

 

 → 

Distraction

–

–

–

–

–

 

 → 

Depressive symptoms

P/M

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/U

 

 → 

BMI

P/M

P/S

P/S

P/S

–

Binge eating/purging

 → 

Rumination

P/S

P/U

P/U

P/U

–

 

 → 

Problem-solving

N/S

N/U

N/U

–

–

 

 → 

Distraction

–

–

P/U

P/U

P/U

 

 → 

Depressive symptoms

–

–

–

–

–

 

 → 

BMI

P/S

P/S

P/U

P/U

P/U

Depressive symptoms

 → 

Rumination

P/M

P/M

P/M

P/M

P/M

 

 → 

Problem-solving

N/M

N/M

N/M

N/M

N/L

 

 → 

Distraction

N/L

N/L

N/L

N/L

N/L

 

 → 

Drive for thinness

P/M

P/S

P/S

P/S

–

 

 → 

Binge eating/purging

P/S

P/S

P/S

P/U

–

  1. P Significant positive effect, N Significant negative effect, ー: non-significant effect, U Under threshold of small effect size, S Small effect size, M Medium effect size, L Large effect size