Table 2 Random and common effects meta-analysis models of the prevalence of disordered eating in Athletes
Analysis | Descriptive | Â | Random-effects meta-analysis | Common-effects meta-analysis | Visual Results | Heterogeneity | Moderators | Publication bias | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | K | N | Pooled results (95%CI) | Pooled results (95%CI) | Forest Plot | H | I2 | Ï„2 | Ï„ | Q | p | Age | Sex | Egger's test | Rank test |
All Data | 177 | 70,957 | 19.23% [17.04; 21.62] | 20.52% [20.15; 20.89] | Figure 3 | 6.17 | 97.4% | 0.9 | 0.9 | 6699.62 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
By Country Turkey China Czech Republic German France UK Canada Spain Norway Australia Brazil Multi USA | 3 3 4 5 7 7 8 10 10 11 12 17 59 | 580 466 172 2879 711 6558 857 6066 3506 1005 1258 10,888 27,017 | 30.4% [9.1; 65.6] 51.4% [40.7; 61.9] 28.3% [20.3; 37.9] 13.9% [8.3; 22.4] 29.0% [21.5; 37.9] 18.7% [12.3; 28.0] 7.7% [3.5; 16.4] 12.8% [8.01; 19.7] 22.6% [15.2; 32.3] 57.1% [36.0; 75.8] 20.8% [13.7; 30.4] 10.9% [7.0; 16.6] 17.0% [12.9; 22.0] | 28.4% [24.4; 32.8] 48.7% [44.1; 53.2] 29.1% [22.7; 36.5] 16.3% [14.9; 17.8] 30.6% [27.2; 34.1] 14.0% [13.2; 14.9] 15.7%[12.6; 19.3] 20.0% [19.0; 21.1] 18.4% [17.1; 20.0] 39.1% [35.4; 42.9] 19.0% [16.7; 21.6] 11.2% [10.5; 12.0] 24.0% [23.2; 24.8] | Additional file 9 | – | 98.0% 75.7% 22.2% 95.6% 76.0% 95.6% 89.0% 97.6% 95.8% 96.2% 86.6% 97.2% 98.2% | 1.7 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.5 | 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 | 101.8 8.2 3.9 91.0 25.0 137 63.7 377.1 215.9 265.0 82.3 577.8 3207.6 |  < 0.0001 | – | – | – | – |
By Culture Eastern Western | 14 163 | 1980 68,977 | 29.1% [20.1; 40.2] 18.5% [16.3; 20.9] | 33.6% [31.3; 35.9] 19.96% [19.95; 20.34] | Additional file 10 | – | 97.4% 94.5% | 0. 9 0.8 | 0.9 0.9 | 6291.2 237.6 | – | – | – | – | – |
By sports energy system Anaerobic Aerobic Both | 19 52 106 | 1828 16,287 52,842 | 37.9% [27.0; 50.2] 19.6% [15.2; 25.0] 17% [14.6; 19.4] | 38.3% [35.8; 40.9] 25.5% [24.7; 26.4 18.1% [17.7; 18.5] | Additional file 11 | – | 93.9% 97.7% 97.2% | 1.1 1.2 0.7 | 1.0 1.1 0.8 | 297.3 2187.52 3684.5 | – | – | – | – | – |
By sport category Swimming Martial arts Gymnastics Outdoor Mixed | 3 11 20 47 96 | 234 507 1680 29,195 39,341 | 20.2% [8.6; 40.6] 26.3% [18.1; 36.4] 41.5% [30.4; 53.6] 15.4% [11.6; 20.2] 17.6% [15.2; 20.4] | 25.2% [19.6; 31.7] 25.8% [21.8; 30.2] 40.9% [38.2; 43.6] 15.8% [16.2; 17.4] 21.3% [20.9; 21.8] | Additional file 12 | – | 88.3% 76.6% 92.9% 98.0% 97.4% | 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.7 | 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 | 17.1 42.7 267.5 2154.3 3714.3 |  < 0.0001 | – | – | – | – |
By Measurement tool BITE TFEQ EAT–40 QEDD FAST EDI–2 EDI–3 SCOFF RD EDI EDEQ EAT–26 | 3 5 5 6 6 8 9 9 13 19 25 55 | 258 228 804 2336 4371 1034 968 6775 6398 4513 9145 27,055 | 12.2% [2.8; 40.3] 73.0% [60.1; 82.8] 18.6% [6.7; 42.1] 7.3% [2.9; 17.1] 22.0% [11.6; 37.7] 15.0% [10.5; 20.9] 34.0% [25.4; 43.9] 19.4% [13.9; 26.6] 14.8% [10.6; 20.2] 35.1% [27.2; 44.0] 15.1% [10.4; 21.3] 15.9% [12.4; 20.1] | 19.5% [13.6; 27.1] 75.4% [69.1; 80.7] 23.9% [20.6; 27.5] 16.9% [15.0; 19.0] 18.0% [16.8; 19.3] 13.5% [11.5; 15.9] 34.9% [31.9; 38.1] 21.1% [20.1; 22.2] 13.6% [12.8; 14.6] 25.1% [23.7; 26.5] 19.1% [18.0; 20.2] 19.0% [18.4; 19.7] | Additional file 13 | – | 90.0% 65.7% 97.0% 97.4% 98.3% 71.5% 86.0% 97.3% 94.9% 95.6% 96.9% 97.4% | 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.0 | 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 | 20.0 11.7 135.0 194.8 292.5 24.5 57.0 292.5 233.8 408.3 778.7 2095.6 | – | – | – | – | – |
By Design Cohort study Cross–sectional | 21 156 | 3419 67,538 | 22.2% [18.1; 27.0] 19.1% [16.8; 21.7] | 25.7% [24.1; 27.3] 20.1% [19.8; 20.7] | Additional file 14 | – | 86.2% 97.6% | 0.3 0.9 | 0.5 1.0 | 145.2 6504 | – | – | – | – | – |