Table 1 General characteristics according to obesity status in children and adolescents with high weight

Sex (n, %)

 Boys

161 (69.10)

17 (60.71)

93 (70.99)

51 (68.92)

 Girls

72 (30.90)

11 (39.29)

38 (29.01)

23 (31.08)

Age (year)

11.4 ± 1.6

11.2 ± 1.5

11.2 ± 1.5

11.7 ± 1.8

 Children (n, %)

139 (59.66)

17 (60.71)

84 (64.12)

37 (50.00)

 Adolescents (n, %)

94 (40.34)

11 (39.29)

47 (35.88)

37 (50.00)

Anthropometrics

 Height (cm)

156.34 ± 10.47

152.31 ± 9.97^c

155.09 ± 10.28^bc

160.1 ± 10.04^a

 Weight (kg)

69.98 ± 17.05

54.74 ± 9.48^c

65.18 ± 12.16^b

84.24 ± 17.09^a

 BMI (kg/m²)

28.23 ± 3.95

23.39 ± 1.31^c

26.85 ± 1.85^b

32.50 ± 3.48^a

 BMI z-score

2.65 ± 0.85

1.41 ± 0.18^c

2.35 ± 0.34^b

3.63 ± 0.60^a

 Waist (cm)

86.68 ± 11.28

74.12 ± 7.55^c

83.91 ± 7.59^b

96.35 ± 10.58^a

 Hip (cm)

98.43 ± 9.58

90.18 ± 5.62^a

95.59 ± 6.70^b

106.57 ± 9.65^c

 WHR

0.88 ± 0.06

0.82 ± 0.06^c

0.88 ± 0.06^b

0.90 ± 0.06^a

Physical activity

 METs score

4077.12 ± 5694.53

3402.31 ± 3449.47

4717.39 ± 6703.92

3191.44 ± 4137.78

 Sedentary time (hours/d)

6.85 ± 4.30

7.25 ± 3.38

6.82 ± 4.23

6.39 ± 4.82

 NQ total score (0–100)

58.33 ± 10.83

58.05 ± 2.01^ab

59.89 ± 0.93^a

55.68 ± 1.24^b

 Balance (100)

53.33 ± 16.68

53.94 ± 3.15

54.64 ± 1.46

50.78 ± 1.95

 Regularity (100)

61.62 ± 17.89

63.06 ± 3.39

62.23 ± 1.57

59.99 ± 2.10

 Diversity (100)

54.59 ± 20.11

49.95 ± 3.73^ab

58.47 ± 1.73^a

49.48 ± 2.30^b

 Practice (100)

53.00 ± 18.30

53.69 ± 3.49

53.63 ± 1.61

51.64 ± 2.16

 Environment (100)

72.00 ± 19.76

70.45 ± 3.69

74.66 ± 1.71

67.87 ± 2.28

Stress level (n, %)

 Very much

15 (6.44)

0 (0.00)

11 (8.40)

4 (5.41)

 Somewhat

55 (23.61)

8 (28.57)

24 (18.32)

23 (31.08)

 Neutral

92 (39.48)

11 (39.29)

49 (37.40

32 (43.24)

 Not much

64 (27.47)

9 (32.14)

41 (31.30)

14 (18.92)

 Not at all

7 (3.00)

0 (0.00)

6 (4.58)

1 (1.35)

Energy intake (kcal/d)

2055.05 ± 479.77

2073.89 ± 468.28

2029.32 ± 419.29

2093.47 ± 578.39

YFAS-C

 Food addiction^A (n, %)

17 (7.30)

2 (7.14)

8 (6.11)

7 (9.46)

 Food addiction risk^B (n, %)

29 (12.44)

1 (3.57)

13 (9.92)

15 (20.27)

 Food addiction symptoms ≥ 3^C (n, %)

46 (19.74)

3 (10.71)

21 (16.03)

22 (29.73)

 Food addiction symptoms ^D

1.59 ± 1.51

1.21 ± 1.32^c

1.37 ± 1.33^bc

2.12 ± 1.76^a