Table 4 Clinical characteristics of anorexia nervosa patients with versus without antipsychotic medication—matched sample 1
Total (n = 86) | With antipsychotics (n = 43) | Without Antipsychotics (n = 43) | t-test Mann–Whitney U-test χ2-test | Cohens d Cramers V | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD Mdn (Q1, Q3) n (%) | M ± SD Mdn (Q1, Q3) n (%) | M ± SD Mdn (Q1, Q3) n (%) | df z | t U χ2 | p | ||
ED diagnoses | – | – | – | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
AN-R | 64 (74) | 32 (74) | 32 (74) | – | – | – | |
AN-BP | 22 (26) | 11 (26) | 11 (26) | – | – | – | |
Sex | – | – | – | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
Female | 84 (98) | 42 (98) | 42 (98) | – | – | – | |
Male | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | – | – | – | |
Age of onset, years | 13.6 ± 2.1 | 13.6 ± 2.2 | 13.5 ± 2.3 | − 0.2 | 904.0 | 0.859 | 0.2 |
Duration of illness, months | 13.4 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 11.8 | 13.5 ± 13.8 | 84 | 0.1 | 0.913 | 0.1 |
Age at admission, years | 14.6 ± 2.6 | 14.9 ± 2.9 | 14.5 ± 2.7 | − 0.2 | 899.0 | 0.826 | 0.1 |
History of childhood emotional abuse | 9 (11) | 5 (12) | 4 (9) | 1 | 0.1 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
History of childhood physical abuse | 8 (9) | 5 (12) | 3 (7) | 1 | 0.6 | 0.713 | 0.1 |
Comorbidities, average number | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | − 0.4 | 881.5 | 0.657 | 0.1 |
At least one comorbidity | 55 (64) | 28 (65) | 27 (63) | 1 | 0.1 | 0.822 | 0.0 |
Major depressive disorder | 29 (34) | 14 (33) | 15 (35) | 1 | 0.5 | 0.820 | 0.0 |
Borderline personality disorder traits | 6 (7) | 3 (7) | 3 (7) | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
Anthropometric characteristics at baseline | |||||||
BMI at admission | 14.3 ± 1.7 | 14.4 ± 1.7 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | − 0.4 | 881.0 | 0.707 | 0.0 |
BMI percentile at admission | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 2.0 | − 1.1 | 829.5 | 0.267 | 0.0 |
BMI z-scores at admission | − 2.9 ± 1.5 | − 2.9 ± 1.4 | − 2.9 ± 1.8 | − 0.4 | 882.0 | 0.714 | 0.1 |
Kg < 1. BMI percentile at admission | − 1.6 ± 3.7 | − 1.6 ± 3.6 | − 1.5 ± 4.4 | − 0.1 | 909.5 | 0.894 | 0.1 |
Anthropometric characteristics at discharge | |||||||
BMI at discharge | 17.2 ± 1.5 | 17.0 ± 1.5 | 17.4 ± 1.2 | − 2.5 | 632.5 | 0.012* | 0.6 |
BMI percentile at discharge | 12.0 ± 13.0 | 9.0 ± 11.0 | 14.0 ± 10.0 | − 2.5 | 639.0 | 0.014* | 0.4 |
BMI z-scores at discharge | − 1.2 ± 0.7 | − 1.4 ± 0.9 | − 1.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.8 | 601.0 | 0.005* | 0.5 |
Weight change, kg/week | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | − 1.9 | 710.0 | 0.064 | 0.5 |
BMI change/week | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | − 1.3 | 773.5 | 0.192 | 0.3 |
BMI percentiles change/week | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | − 2.6 | 624.5 | 0.010* | 0.5 |
BMI z-score change/week | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | − 1.4 | 769.0 | 0.179 | 0.4 |
Treatment duration, days | 118.1 ± 4.8 | 122.1 ± 54.5 | 114.1 ± 30.5 | 84 | − 0.8 | 0.400 | 0.0 |
Psychotropic medication other than antipsychotics during hospitalization | |||||||
Psychotropic medication other than antipsychotics | 33 (38.4) | 19 (44.2) | 14 (32.6) | 1 | 1.2 | 0.268 | 0.1 |
One | 28 (32.6) | 14 (32.6) | 14 (32.6) | – | – | – | – |
Two | 3 (3.5) | 3 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
Three | 2 (2.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
Four | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
Antidepressants, average number | 0.0 (0.0,1.0) | 0.0 (0.0,1.0) | 0.0 (0.0,1.0) | − 1.4 | 789.00 | 0.170 | 0.3 |
At least one antidepressant | 33 (38.4) | 19 (44.2) | 14 (32.6) | 1 | 1.2 | 0.268 | 0.1 |
SSNRI | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
Venlafaxine | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
SSRI, at least one | 28 (32.6) | 16 (37.2) | 12 (27.9) | 1 | 0.8 | 0.357 | 0.1 |
Escitalopram | 14 (16.3) | 8 (18.6) | 6 (14.0) | 1 | 0.3 | 0.559 | 0.1 |
Fluoxetine | 9 (10.5) | 5 (11.6) | 4 (9.3) | 1 | 0.1 | 0.724 | 0.0 |
Fluvoxamine | 4 (4.7) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (4.7) | 1 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
Paroxetine | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 0.0 | 0.237 | 0.1 |
Tetracyclic antidepressant | 5 (5.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 7.2 | 0.055 | 0.2 |
Mirtazapine | 5 (5.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 7.2 | 0.055 | 0.2 |
Tricyclic antidepressant | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 1.4 | 1.000 | 0.1 |
Doxepin | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 1.4 | 1.000 | 0.1 |
Anxiolytic | 2 (2.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 2.8 | 0.494 | 0.2 |
Lorazepam | 2 (2.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 2.8 | 0.494 | 0.2 |