Table 2 Synthesis of results based on review questions
From: A scoping review of research literature on eating and body image for transgender and nonbinary youth
Review question | Summary of results |
|---|---|
Who is being included and excluded in the TGNB samples of studies on eating and body image related problems? | Predominately racially white samples though some larger U.S. studies were racially/ethnically diverse Nonbinary and gender queer youth were often not analyzed separately from transgender youth in samples Language variation about transgender identities and diagnoses |
What methodologies are being used to study eating and body image related problems with TGNB people? | 28 quantitative studies, all cross-sectional 4 qualitative studies using interviews 18 case studies Comorbid mental health issues measured and emphasized across study types |
What are the risks and protective factors for eating and body image related problems? | Risks include delay in gender affirming medical treatment for gender dysphoria, dissatisfaction with body size related to cultural gender-body ideals, body checking, transgender congruence, family rejection Protective factors include receiving gender-affirming medical intervention, safe school environment, and family and social support |
What are the empirically supported treatments for eating and body image problems for TGNB patients? | No single psychotherapy treatment modality has been tested in a clinical trial. Most treatment studies were case studies Family support and acceptance may impact treatment access, timing, trajectory, and outcome Gender affirming medical intervention was used alongside other treatment modalities for alleviating eating disorder symptomology, gender dysphoria, and body image problems |