The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Ghazzawi, Hadeel A.; Nimer, Lana S.; Sweidan, Dima H.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Abulawi, Duha; Amawi, Adam T.; Levine, Michael P.; Jahrami, Haitham

doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00849-1

Journal of Eating Disorders

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies involved in the systematic review and meta-analysis about the prevalence of disordered eating in high school students

From: The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

S. No.	References	Country	COVID-19	Design	Sample	Measure	Population characteristics	Prevalence (%)	Quality Score
1	Al-sheyab et al. [27]	Jordan	No	Cross-sectional	738	EAT- 26	Female^% = 55.3%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	24	8
2	Bould et al. [28]	UK	No	Cohort study	1769	DAWBA	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	41	8
3	Canals et al. [29]	Spain	No	Cross-sectional	515	EAT-40	Female^% = 43.7%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	10	8
4	Caradas et al. [30]	Africa	No	Cross-sectional	228	EAT-26	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 23 kg/m²	18	5
5	Cheah et al. [31]	Malaysia	No	Cross-sectional	329	EAT-26	Female^% = 59%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	19	5
6	Cotrufo et al. [32]	Italy	No	Cross-sectional	356	EDI 2	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	30	5
7	de Souza Ferreira and da Veiga [26]	Brazil	No	Cross-sectional	561	EDE-Q	Female^% = 62.9%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	67	8
8	Devaud et al. [33]	Switzerland	No	Cross-sectional	2501	PEC, WIC	Female^% = 43.3%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	3	8
9	Eapen et al. [34]	UAE	No	Cross-sectional	495	EAT-40	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	23	8
10	Fatima and Ahmad [35]	Saudi Arabia	No	Cross-sectional	314	EAT- 26	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 17 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	25	5
11	Hautala et al. [36]	Finland	No	Cross-sectional	1036	SCOFF	Female^% = 54%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	20	8
12	Jones et al. [37]	Canada	No	Cross-sectional	1739	EAT-26, DSED	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	14	8
13	Koushiou et al. [38]	Greece	No	Cross-sectional	741	EDDS	Female^% = 63%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	9	8
14	Le Grange et al. [39]	South Africa	No	Cross-sectional	813	EAT-26	Female^% = 58%, Age_Mean = 17 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	18	8
15	Makdad et al. [17]	Morocco	No	Cross-sectional	367	EAT- 26	Female^% = 51.5%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 20 kg/m²	10	5
16	Maor et al. [40]	Israel	No	Cross-sectional	245	EAT-26	Female^% = 51%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	13	5
17	Martinsen et al. [41]	Norway	No	Case–control	606	EDI-2	Female^% = 35.8%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	24	8
18	Miller et al. [21]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	1302	EAT40	Female^% = 62.75%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	14	8
19	Miotto et al. [42]	Italy	No	Cross-sectional	903	EAT, BITE, BAT	Female^% = 69.21%, Age_Mean = 17 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	12	8
20	Mohiti et al. [43]	Iran	No	Cross-sectional	359	EAT-26	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	22	5
21	Mond et al. [44]	Australia	No	Cross-sectional	1664	EDE-Q	Female^% = 68%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	23	8
23	Nichols et al. [45]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	170	EDE-Q	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	18	5
22	Nichols et al. [46]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	423	EDE-Q	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	20	8
24	Pastore et al. [47]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	1001	EAT-26	Female^% = 55%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	12	8
26	Patton et al. [48]	Australia	No	Cohort study	853	BET	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	7	8
27	Preti et al. [25]	Italy	No	Cross-sectional	828	EAT, BITE, BAT	Female^% = 64.61%, Age_Mean = 17 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	9	8
28	Preti et al. [25]	Italy	No	Cross-sectional	817	EAT,BITE	Female^% = 65.5%, Age_Mean = 17 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	1	8
29	Pustivšek et al. [49]	Slovenia	No	Cross-sectional	583	SCOFF	Female^% = 46.83%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	39	8
30	Rathner and Messner [50]	Italy	No	Cohort study	517	EAT-40, EAT-26	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	3	8
31	Robinson et al. [51]	Multi	No	Cohort study	1509	DAWBA	Female^% = 50%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	20	8
32	Sancho et al. [52]	Spain	No	Cohort study	1336	ChEAT, DICA-C, DICA-A, BITE	Female^% = 51.42%, Age_Mean = 11 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	13	8
33	Stachowitz et al. [53]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	65	EDI-3	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	11	6
34	Štefanová et al. [54]	Slovakia	No	Cross-sectional	780	SCOFF	Female^% = 44%, Age_Mean = 14 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	27	8
35	Szabo and Hollands [55]	Africa	No	Cross-sectional	213	EAT- 26	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 19 kg/m²	22	6
36	Tao [56]	China	No	Cohort study	1199	EAT-26	Female^% = 63.9%, Age_Mean = 19 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	10	8
37	Thein-Nissenbaum et al. [23]	USA	No	Cohort study	311	EDE-Q	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	35	6
38	Thein-Nissenbaum et al. [24]	USA	No	Cohort study	43	EDE-Q	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	56	6
39	Thomas et al. [57]	USA	No	Cross-sectional	63	EDI	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 15 years, BMI_Mean = 18 kg/m²	30	6
40	Torstveit et al. [58]	Norway	No	Cross-sectional	2451	EDI-2	Female^% = 51.16%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 22 kg/m²	55	8
41	Tseng et al. [59]	Taiwan	No	Cross-sectional	1794	EAT-26, BITE	Female^% = 100%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 20 kg/m²	4	8
42	Vega Alonso et al. [60]	Spain	No	Cohort study	2480	EAT-40	Female^% = 50.8%, Age_Mean = 16 years, BMI_Mean = 21 kg/m²	8	8

FEDS Feeding and eating disorders. Quality score was computed based on Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale total score for cross-sectional studies
EAT-26 Eating attitudes test-26, EAT-40 Eating attitudes test-40, SCOFF Sick, control, one stone, fat, food, EDE-Q Eating disorder examination- questionnaire, BEDS-7 Binge eating disorder screener-7, ORTO-15= ORTO-15, QEDD Questionnaire for eating disorder diagnoses, EDDS The eating disorder diagnostic scale, SD Self-developed, WCS The weight concern scale, DEBQ Dutch eating behavior questionnaire, EDI Eating disorder inventory-I/II, ORTO-11 ORTO-11, ANIS Anorexia nervosa inventory for self-rating

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ISSN: 2050-2974

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