Table 2 Quantitative assessments of ED/DEB used with TGD populations

Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire

(EDE-Q)

Fairburn and Beglin [55]

28

Assesses eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors over the past 28 days; four subscales: restraint, eating concern, shape concern, weight concern

Adequate to excellent internal consistency with transmasculine, transfeminine, and nonbinary youth and adult transgender men and women [25, 58]; a single-factor global score may be optimal for TGD youth [59]

Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire—Short Form

(EDE-QS)

Giedon et al. [60]

12

Same as EDE-Q; yields single score

Strong measurement and construct validity for transgender men and women with and without suspected ED/DEB [56]

Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)

Garner and Garfinkel [51]

26

Indicates to respondent if they have symptoms of an eating disorder that warrants professional attention; yields single score with score > 20 indicating further investigation by a clinician

Lower scores on EAT-26 associated with more experience with gender-affirming medical interventions [8]; good to excellent internal consistency with TGD young adults and adult transgender women [61, 62]

Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF)

Morgan et al. [57]

5

Identifies individuals with disordered eating in a primary care context; response of “yes” to at least two questions indicate more in-depth assessment of anorexia and/or bulimia is required

Has been used in a case series examining gender-affirming nutrition with adult transgender men, a cross-sectional nutrition screening protocol with transgender and nonbinary youth, and the validation of an avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder measure with transgender and nonbinary youth [63,64,65]