Table 2 The occurrence of NES by university students’ characteristics
Variable | Night eaters (n = 141) | Non- night eaters (n = 334) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
University | Palestine Polytechnic University [n (%)] | 42 (23.5) | 137 (76.5) | 0.077 |
Hebron university [n (%)] | 63 (34.1) | 122 (65.9) | ||
Bethlehem university [n (%)] | 27 (31.4) | 59 (68.6) | ||
Major | Social sciences/ Humanity [n (%)] | 49 (39.8) | 74 (60.2) | 0.011 |
Sciences [n (%)] | 73 (25.3) | 216 (74.7) | ||
Applied professions [n (%)] | 10 (26.3) | 28 (73.7) | ||
Academic year | 1st year [n (%)] | 42 (28.4) | 106 (71.6) | 0.821 |
2nd year [n (%)] | 33 (32.4) | 69 (67.6) | ||
3rd year [n (%)] | 28 (25.7) | 81 (74.3) | ||
4th year [n (%)] | 27 (32.1) | 57 (67.9) | ||
5th year [n (%)] | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | ||
Age [years; mean ± SD] | 1.4 ± 0.13 | 1.4 ± 0.08 | 0.970 | |
Gender | Male [n (%)] | 69 (35.0) | 128 (65.0) | 0.013* |
Female [n (%)] | 63 (24.9) | 190 (75.1) | ||
Place of residence | City [n (%)] | 73 (27.2) | 195 (72.8) | 0.389 |
Village [n (%)] | 52 (33.3) | 104 (66.7) | ||
Camp [n (%)] | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | ||
Living status | With the family [n (%)] | 127 (29.4) | 305 (70.6) | 0.559 |
University accommodation [n (%)] | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | ||
Marital status | Unmarried [n (%)] | 125 (29.3) | 301 (70.7) | 0.594 |
Married [n (%)] | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | ||
Personal monthly income (Israeli shekel) | 500 and below [n (%)] | 85 (27.8) | 221 (72.2) | 0.006* |
500–1000 [n (%)] | 12 (19.4) | 50 (80.6) | ||
1000 and above [n (%)] | 35 (42.7) | 47 (57.3) | ||
Source of funding | Scholarship [n (%)] | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | 0.003* |
Parents [n (%)] | 110 (27.2) | 294 (72.8) | ||
Others [n (%)] | 19 (54.3) | 16 (45.7) | ||
BMI categories | Underweight [n (%)] | 13 (35.1) | 24 (64.9) | 0.841 |
Normal weight [n (%)] | 90 (29.2) | 218 (70.8) | ||
Overweight [n (%)] | 24 (28.2) | 61 (71.8) | ||
Obesity [n (%)] | 5 (25.0) | 15 (75.0) | ||
Smoking | Regular smoker [n (%)] | 25 (37.3) | 42 (62.7) | 0.273 |
Irregular smoker [n (%)] | 18 (25.7) | 52 (74.3) | ||
Non-smoker [n (%)] | 89 (28.5) | 223 (71.5) | ||
Cigarette smoking | Yes [n (%)] | 32 (36.4) | 56 (63.6) | 0.076 |
No [n (%)] | 99 (27.8) | 257 (72.2) | ||
Nargilah smoking | Yes [n (%)] | 25 (29.4) | 60 (70.6) | 0.549 |
No [n (%)] | 106 (29.5) | 253 (70.5) | ||
Physical activity level | Sedentary [n (%)] | 55 (28.6) | 137 (71.4) | 0.792 |
Moderate [n (%)] | 41 (28.9) | 101 (71.1) | ||
High [n (%)] | 36 (32.1) | 76 (67.9) | ||
Had chronic disease | Yes [n (%)] | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | 0.216 |
No [n (%)] | 128 (29.7) | 303 (70.3) | ||
Underwent surgery | Yes [n (%)] | 19 (29.7) | 45 (70.3) | 0.526 |
No [n (%)] | 113 (29.3) | 273 (70.7) | ||
Taking medicines regularly | Yes [n (%)] | 10 (29.4) | 24 (70.6) | 0.565 |
No [n (%)] | 122 (29.3) | 294 (70.7) | ||
Mental health | Normal mental health [n (%)] | 91 (39.2) | 141 (60.8) | 0.000* |
Mental problems [n (%)] | 41 (18.8) | 177 (81.2) | ||
Psychological distress [mean ± SD] | 7.0 ± 3.31 | 5.4 ± 3.30 | 0.000* | |
Social &emotional dysfunction [mean ± SD] | 7.9 ± 3.12 | 6.9 ± 2.77 | 0.001* | |
Cognitive disorder [mean ± SD] | 3.7 ± 1.50 | 3.2 ± 1.64 | 0.002* | |