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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and changes after one week of nutritional rehabilitation

From: A standard enteral formula versus an iso-caloric lower carbohydrate/high fat enteral formula in the hospital management of adolescent and young adults admitted with anorexia nervosa: a randomised controlled trial

 

Baseline

Week 1

 

Lower carbohydrate /high fat feed (n = 14)

95% CI

Standard feed (n = 10)

95% CI

Baseline comparison p value

Effect size

Lower carbohydrate /high fat feed (n = 14)

95% CI

Standard feed (n = 10)

95% CI

Anthropometry

          

Body Mass, kg

43.7 ± 4.7

41.0, 46.4

45.1 ± 2.8

43.1, 47.1

0.37

0.35

46.4 ± 5.1

43.5, 49.3

47.9 ± 4.0

45.0, 50.8

BMI, kg/m2

16.3 ± 1.7

15.3, 17.3

16.7 ± 0.9

16.1, 17.3

0.53

0.28

17.3 ± 1.8

16.3, 18.3

17.7 ± 1.1

16.9, 18.5

mBMI, %

77.8 ± 9.1

72.5, 83.1

79.3 ± 5.2

75.6, 83.0

0.63

0.19

82.7 ± 9.4

77.3, 88.1

84.0 ± 5.9

79.8, 88.2

Handgrip (L), kg

20.8 ± 3.3

18.9, 22.7

22.7 ± 3.7

20.1, 25.3

0.19

0.55

22.1 ± 4.4

19.6, 24.6

23.1 ± 3.5

20.6, 25.6

Handgrip (R), kg

24.2 ± 4.8

21.4, 27.0

23.2 ± 3.6

20.6, 25.8

0.58

-0.23

25.1 ± 5.0

22.2, 28.0

25.2 ± 3.6

22.6, 27.8

Tricep skinfold, mm

9.5 ± 2.9

7.8, 11.2

9.6 ± 2.7

7.7, 11.5

0.92

0.04

10.5 ± 3.5

8.5, 12.5

10.1 ± 2.5

8.3, 11.9

Bicep skinfold, mm

5.0 ± 1.7

4.0, 6.0

5.1 ± 1.4

4.1, 6.1

0.93

0.06

5.4 ± 2.0

4.2, 6.6

5.3 ± 1.3

4.4, 6.2

Suprailiac skinfold, mm

7.3 ± 2.6

5.8, 8.8

7.0 ± 1.9

5.6, 8.4

0.77

-0.13

8.3 ± 3.1

6.5, 10.1

8.2 ± 2.3

6.6, 9.8

Subscapular skinfold, mm

6.5 [5.6, 8.4]

N/A

6.7 [5.9, 8.4]

N/A

0.48A

0.29

6.8 [6.0, 9.3]

N/A

7.5 [6.7, 8.9]

N/A

Nutrition

          

Total kcal/day (Oral + NG feed)

1890 [1890, 1890]

N/A

1890 [1890, 1890]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

3350 [3188, 3350]

N/A

3325 [2844, 3350]

N/A

Kcal/kg/day

43.7 ± 4.8

40.9, 46.5

42.0 ± 2.5

40.2, 43.8

0.28

-0.42

71.1 ± 9.9

65.4, 76.8

66.8 ± 7.5

61.4, 72.2

Energy from Carbohydrate, %

28.3 [28.3, 28.3]

N/A

54.4 [54.4, 54.4]

N/A

 < 0.001A

3.06

44.8 [44.2, 45.3]

N/A

53.0 [52.9, 56.1]

N/A

Energy from Protein, %

16.8 [16.8, 16.8]

N/A

16.8 [16.8, 16.8]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

14.5 [14.4, 14.5]

N/A

14.5 [14.1, 14.5]

N/A

Energy from Fat, %

55.8 [55.8, 55.8]

N/A

29.4 [29.4, 29.4]

N/A

 < 0.001A

3.06

40.4 [39.8, 40.4]

N/A

32.2 [28.4, 32.3]

N/A

kcal/day from oral intake

0 [0,0]

N/A

0 [0,0]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

2300 [1800, 2300]

N/A

2300 [1800, 2300]

N/A

Energy from Carbohydrate, %

0 [0,0]

N/A

0 [0,0]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

52.3 [52.3, 57.4]

N/A

52.3 [52.3, 57.4]

N/A

Energy from Protein, %

0 [0,0]

N/A

0 [0,0]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

13.4 [12.6, 13.4]

N/A

13.4 [12.6, 13.4]

N/A

Energy from Fat, %

0 [0,0]

N/A

0 [0,0]

N/A

1.00A

0.00

33.4 [27.6, 33.4]

N/A

33.4 [27.6, 33.4]

N/A

Biochemical parameters

          

Phosphate, mmol/L

1.18 ± 0.19

1.07, 1.29

1.11 ± 0.13

1.02, 1.20

0.35

-0.42

1.06 ± 0.15 *

0.97, 1.15

0.88 ± 0.12 *†

0.79, 0.97

Magnesium, mmol/L

0.94 ± 0.09

0.89, 0.99

0.94 ± 0.05

0.90, 0.98

0.85

0.00

0.86 ± 0.08

0.81, 0.91

0.85 ± 0.05

0.81, 0.89

Potassium, mmol/L

3.75 ± 0.44

3.50, 4.00

3.72 ± 0.32

3.49, 3.95

0.84

-0.08

3.67 ± 0.23

3.54, 3.80

3.59 ± 0.10

3.52, 3.66

Glucose, mmol/L

4.8 ± 0.9

4.3, 5.3

5.5 ± 1.2

4.6, 6.4

0.22

0.68

4.4 ± 0.7

4.0, 4.8

4.5 ± 0.8

3.9, 5.1

 

ANOVA Results

 

Time

Feed

Interaction

 

p value

Effect size

p value

Effect size

p value

Effect size

Anthropometry

      

Body Mass, kg

< 0.001

0.71

0.428

0.03

0.998

0.00

BMI, kg/m2

< 0.001

0.72

0.566

0.02

0.978

0.00

mBMI, %

< 0.001

0.72

0.670

0.01

0.931

0.00

Handgrip (L), kg

0.059

0.15

0.346

0.04

0.289

0.05

Handgrip (R), kg

0.006

0.30

0.790

0.00

0.274

0.05

Tricep skinfold, mm

0.001

0.43

0.935

0.00

0.241

0.06

Bicep skinfold, mm

0.001

0.41

0.954

0.00

0.214

0.07

Suprailiac skinfold, mm

< 0.001

0.60

0.857

0.00

0.616

0.01

Subscapular skinfold, mm

0.395B

0.35

0.002C

2.87

0.005D

3.96

Nutrition

      

Total kcal/day (Oral + NG feed)

0.599B

0.20

0.001C

4.00

0.005D

2.30

Kcal/kg/day

< 0.001

0.94

0.248

0.06

0.365

0.04

Energy from Carbohydrate, %

< 0.001B

3.06

0.001C

4.00

0.797D

0.16

Energy from Protein, %

0.478B

0.25

0.001C

4.67

0.004D

4.11

Energy from Fat, %

< 0.001B

3.06

0.001C

4.67

0.027D

1.95

kcal/day from oral intake

0.841B

0.07

0.001C

4.08

0.004D

2.49

Energy from Carbohydrate, %

0.841B

0.07

0.001C

4.08

0.004D

2.49

Energy from Protein, %

0.841B

0.07

0.001C

4.08

0.004D

2.49

Energy from Fat, %

0.841B

0.07

0.001C

4.08

0.004D

2.49

Biochemical parameters

      

Phosphate, mmol/L

0.086

0.13

0.013

0.26

0.035

0.20

Magnesium, mmol/L

< 0.001

0.71

0.853

0.00

0.396

0.03

Potassium, mmol/L

0.193

0.08

0.584

0.01

0.779

0.00

Glucose, mmol/L

0.058

0.21

0.141

0.13

0.994

0.00

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations when normally distributed and medians [interquartile range] when not normally distributed
  2. *Significant difference to baseline based on ANCOVA Bonferonni post hoc results and using percent median BMI on admission as a covariate
  3. †Signficant difference to Lower carbohydrate/high fat feed at same time point on ANCOVA Bonferonni post hoc results and using percent median BMI on admission as a covariate
  4. AMann Whitney U test for lower carbohydrate/high fat feed versus standard feed at Baseline
  5. BMann Whitney U test for lower carbohydrate/high fat feed versus standard feed at Week 1
  6. CWilcoxon matched paired test for lower carbohydrate/high fat feed Baseline versus Week 1
  7. DWilcoxon matched paired test for standard feed Baseline versus Week 1
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Journal of Eating Disorders

ISSN: 2050-2974