Table 2 Associations between Demographic Correlates and Survey Year and Any Fasting (≥ 1 Times) in the Past Four Weeks by Gender

Age

0.98 (0.95–1.00)

0.126

0.95 (0.93–0.98)

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

0.004

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

< 0.001

 White or Caucasian, non-Hispanic, non-Arab

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Black or African American, non-Hispanic

1.34 (0.67–2.65)

0.403

0.78 (0.52–1.18)

0.249

 Hispanic/Latino/a

1.08 (0.60–1.92)

0.794

1.06 (0.72–1.56)

0.782

 Asian or Asian American

0.78 (0.51–1.18)

0.241

0.96 (0.73–1.25)

0.748

 American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

–

–

2.25 (0.38–13.35)

0.372

 Arab/Middle Eastern or Arab American

1.42 (0.56–3.58)

0.456

0.98 (0.38–2.52)

0.976

 Other race/ethnicity

1.70 (0.70–4.13)

0.241

1.39 (0.53–3.68)

0.504

 More than 1 race/ethnicity

1.77 (1.16–2.69)

0.007

1.13 (0.86–1.47)

0.381

 Heterosexual

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Gay or lesbian

2.52 (1.44–4.42)

0.001

1.28 (0.85–1.94)

0.238

 Bisexual

2.64 (1.58–4.40)

< 0.001

1.65 (1.27–2.15)

< 0.001

 Queer, questioning, or other

2.50 (1.26–4.95)

0.009

1.71 (1.21–2.42)

0.002

 High school degree or less

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Some college or more

0.68 (0.40–1.15)

0.154

0.84 (0.59–1.19)

0.335

Survey year

1.45 (1.21–1.74)

< 0.001

1.05 (0.94–1.18)

0.350