Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics of College Student Participants from the 2016–2020 Healthy Minds Study (N = 8255)

 Age

22.96 ± 0.17

22.31 ± 0.12

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.72 ± 0.14

24.28 ± 0.09

 White or Caucasian, non-Hispanic, non-Arab

65.08

66.86

 Black or African American, non-Hispanic

3.52

5.82

 Hispanic/Latino/a

5.13

5.20

 Asian or Asian American

13.10

10.73

 Arab/Middle Eastern or Arab American

1.58

0.66

 American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

0.11

0.31

 Other race/ethnicity

1.73

0.58

 More than 1 race/ethnicity

9.74

9.83

 Heterosexual

86.04

80.87

 Gay or lesbian

6.52

3.50

 Bisexual

3.94

10.86

 Queer, questioning, or other

3.50

4.78

 High school degree or less

10.19

8.69

 Some college or more

89.81

91.31

 Any cigarette use, past 30 days

10.88

6.45

 Marijuana use, past 30 days

24.72

20.62

 Other illicit drug use, past 30 days

8.21

5.11

 Alcohol use, past 2 weeks

65.14

66.92

 Positive depression screen, PHQ-9

21.87

26.91

 Positive anxiety screen, GAD-7

15.67

25.36

 Positive eating disorder screen, SCOFF

13.54

26.09

 Suicidal ideation, past 12 months

8.99

9.33

 Any non-suicidal self-injury, past 12 months

15.60

20.34

Any fasting (≥ 1 times), past 4 weeks

14.77

18.12

Regular fasting (≥ 13 times), past 4 weeks

3.14

2.81