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Table 4 Subgroups of future users sorted by type of awareness, combined with potential interventions of the virtual coach

From: Application of three different coaching strategies through a virtual coach for people with emotional eating: a vignette study

Subgroups of users

Possible intervention “when experiencing cravings”

Possible intervention “after emotional eating”

1. Is unaware of emotions

Gaining insight into emotions and the process: how to stop automatic behaviour; monitoring emotions and analyzing the cause-and-effect chain with the emotion analyzer [50]

A new view on “wrong eating behaviour”: restoring the relationship with food of people with emotional eating

2. Is aware of presence of emotions but unaware of need for emotion-regulation

Preventing recurrence: relaxation (how to release the emotion; distraction); replacing eating with other activities

Coaching strategies: adjusting one’s self-image; validating emotions

3. Is aware of emotions and of need for emotion-regulation

Regulating emotions: learning to endure distress; nudging to think again

Expelling pessimism: cognitive restructuring; fighting pessimism and negativity bias.