Ā | Reporting | External validity | Internal validity (Bias and Confounding) | Power | Ā | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ā | Hypothesis or objectives described | Main outcomes described in introduction or Methods sections | Patient characteristics described | Main findings described | Estimates of the random variability | Probability values reported | Response rate described | Patients Asked to Participate Representative of Population | Patients Prepared to Participate Representative of Population | Staff, Places, and Facilities Representative of Treatment Majority | āData Dredgingā Made Clear | Statistical Tests Appropriate | Outcome Measures Valid and Reliable | Adjustment for Confounding | Sample Size or Power Calculation | Totals |
Song et al. [34] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Guarda et al. [32] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
De Zwaan [37] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
McCutcheon & Nolan [39] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Makhzoumi et al. [36] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Kovacs et al. [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Durkin et al. [35] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Mitchell et al. [1] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Smith and Ross [33] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |