From: Psychometric properties of self-report measures of eating disorder cognitions: a systematic review
Measure | Construct/goal | Number of items | Response categories | Subscales/factors |
---|---|---|---|---|
BAAS | Dysfunctional attitudes about appearance | 20 | 5-point Likert scale (0 = Not at all, 4 = Extremely) | 1. Dysfunctional attitudes about appearance hypothesised to be unique to eating disorders |
BATT | Automatic thoughts associated with bulimia | 20 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all, 5 = all the time) | 1. Automatic thoughts characterised by cognitive distortions associated with bulimia nervosa |
BCCS | Cognitions underlying body checking behaviours | 19 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 5 = Very often) | 1. Objective verification beliefs 2. Reassurance beliefs 3. Safety beliefs 4. Body control beliefs |
BCDS | Irrational beliefs associated with BN | 25 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Cognitive distortions associated with automatic eating behaviours 2. Cognitive distortions associated with physical appearance |
BTQ | Cognitions related to bulimia | 20 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all, 5 = all the time) | 1. Self-schema related to weight 2. Self-efficacy expectations 3. Salient beliefs |
EBQ | Beliefs about binge eating | 16 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Positive beliefs 0about eating 2. Negative Beliefs about eating |
EBQ-18 | Beliefs about binge eating | 18 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Positive beliefs about eating 2. Negative beliefs about eating 3. Permissive beliefs about eating |
EDBQ | Assumptions and beliefs associated with eating disorders | 32 | Visual analogue scale 1–100 (Never to Always) | 1. Negative self-beliefs 2. Weight and shape as a means of acceptance by others 3. Weight and shape as a means to self-acceptance 4. Control overeating |
ED-CBQ | Core beliefs associated with eating disorders | 40 | 7-point Likert scale (1 = feels very much untrue, 7 = feels very much true) | 1. Self-loathing 2. Unassertive/inhibited 3. High standards for self 4. Demanding/in need of help and support 5. Abandoned/deprived |
ED-CBQ-R | Core beliefs associated with eating disorders | 15 | 7-point Likert scale (1 = feels very much untrue, 7 = feels very much true) | 1. Self-loathing 2. Unassertive/inhibited 3. Demanding/in need of help and support 4. Abandoned/deprived |
EDI (BD)* | Body dissatisfaction in anorexia and bulimia nervosa | 9 | 6-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 6 = Always) | 1. Body dissatisfaction |
EDI-II (BD)* | Body dissatisfaction in anorexia and bulimia nervosa | 9 | 6-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 6 = Always) | 1. Body dissatisfaction |
EDI-III (BD)* | Body dissatisfaction in eating disorders | 9–10 | 6-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 6 = Always) | 1. Body dissatisfaction |
EEI | Expectations related to eating | 34 | 7-point Likert scale (1 = Completely disagree, 7 = Completely agree) | 1. Eating helps manage negative affect 2. Eating is pleasurable and useful as a reward 3. Eating leads to feeling out of control 4. Eating enhances cognitive competence 5. Eating alleviates boredom |
FBES | Functions of binge eating | 46 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree, 5 = Strongly agree) | 1. Self-protection 2. Compensatory eating 3. Hedonic hunger 4. Emotional regulation 5. Control 6. Self-punishment 7. Emotion expression 8. Numbness/dissociation |
IFBS | Irrational beliefs relating to food and eating | 57 | 4-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree, 4 = Strongly agree) | 1. Irrational beliefs about food and eating 2. Rational beliefs about food and eating |
IOET | Interpersonal outcome expectancies for being thin | 8 | 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Positive interpersonal outcome expectancies for being thin |
MACQ | Cognitive distortions in anorexia and bulimia | 33 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Rigid weight and eating regulation 2. Weight and eating behaviour as the basis of approval from others 3. Self-esteem based off excessive self-control |
MACQ-B | Cognitive distortions in anorexia and bulimia | 12 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Self-control and self esteem 2. Weight and approval 3. Rigid weight regulation and fear of weight gain |
MACQ-R | Cognitive distortions in anorexia and bulimia | 25 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) | 1. Self-control and self esteem 2. Weight and approval 3. Rigid weight regulation and fear of weight gain |
MDDI (DS)* | Body dissatisfaction and drive for size | 5 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 5 = Always) | 1. Drive for size |
PBTS | Beliefs about perceived benefits of thinness | 12 | 6-point Likert scale (1 = No chance, 6 = Certain to happen) | 1. Beliefs about perceived benefits of thinness |
SATAQ-4 (IT)* | Internalization of attitudes relating to desiring thinness or low body fat | 4 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Definitely disagree, 5 = Definitely agree) | 1. Internalisation—Thin/Low Body fat |
SATAQ-4R (IT)* | Internalization of attitudes relating to desiring thinness or low body fat | 4 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = Always/Strongly agree, 5 = Never/Strongly disagree) | 1. Internalisation—Thin/Low Body fat |
SEDS (ADC)* | Anorexic dietary cognitions | 10 | Dichotomous categorical (True/False) | 1. Anorexic dietary cognitions |
SEDS (BDC)* | Bulimic dietary cognitions | 10 | Dichotomous categorical (True/False) | 1. Bulimic dietary cognitions |
SEDS (LSE)* | Low self-esteem beliefs | 10 | Dichotomous categorical (True/False) | 1. Low self-esteem beliefs |
TAQ-ED | Eating disorder related dysfunctional assumptions | 12 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = do not agree, 5 = totally agree) | 1. Dysfunctional assumptions about the world 2. Dysfunctional assumptions about the body 3. Dysfunctional assumptions about feelings |
TAQ-ED-R | Eating disorder related dysfunctional assumptions | 20 | 5-point Likert scale (1 = do not agree, 5 = totally agree) | 1. Dysfunctional assumptions about the world 2. Dysfunctional assumptions about the body 3. Dysfunctional assumptions about feelings |
TQ | Automatic thoughts related to eating disorders | 26 | Likert scale 1–100 (1 = I do not usually believe this at all, 100 = I am usually completely convinced that this is true) | 1. Negative thoughts about eating 2. Positive thoughts about eating 3. Permissive thoughts |
WISE-Q | Influence of negative perception about body weight and/or shape on self-esteem | 22 | 5-point Likert scale (0 = Not at all, 4 = Extremely) | 1. ‘Generalised’ aspects of self-esteem (i.e., social, personality and performance domains) 2. ‘Expected’ aspects of self-esteem (i.e., appearance, self-control, etc.) |