Risk of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: predictive value of disease phenotype, disease activity and food literacy

Table 1 Statistical description of categorical variables and the NIAS scores of study samples (n = 372)

Categorical variables	N (%)	The NIAS scores
		M ± SD	95% CI for mean		Statistic parameter	p-value
		M ± SD	Lower	Upper	Statistic parameter	p-value
Total	372 (100)				–	–
Gender					0.575^a	0.753
Male	245 (65.9)	28.07 ± 8.11	27.05	29.09
Female	127 (34.1)	28.35 ± 7.91	26.96	29.74
Disease phenotype					1.894^a	< 0.01
Ulcerative colitis	212(60.0)	25.42 ± 7.77	24.36	26.47
Crohn’s disease	160(40.0)	31.81 ± 6.85	30.74	32.88
Educational level					0.101^b	0.959
Master's or above	8(2.2)	29.00 ± 5.29	24.58	33.42
Junior college or bachelor	326(87.6)	28.19 ± 8.00	27.32	29.06
Secondary Education	33(8.9)	27.94 ± 8.12	25.06	30.82
Primary school or below	5(1.3)	26.60 ± 13.90	9.34	43.86
Occupation					2.999^b	0.051
Employee/student	254(68.3)	28.71 ± 7.98	27.73	29.70
freelancer	75(20.2)	27.81 ± 8.15	25.94	29.69
Retirement	43(11.5)	25.53 ± 7.74	23.15	27.92
Living place					1.300^b	0.274
Urban	337(90.6)	28.35 ± 7.94	27.50	29.20
Suburban	19(5.1)	27.32 ± 8.17	23.38	31.25
Rural	16(4.3)	25.19 ± 9.61	20.07	30.31
Clinical disease activity (Mayo/HBI)					0.459^a	< 0.01
Remission	224(60.2)	25.86 ± 7.64	24.88	26.84
Active disease	148(39.8)	31.66 ± 7.44	30.41	32.90

ARFID, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder; NIAS, Nine Item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder Screen; HBI, Harvey Bradshaw Index; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; CI, Confidence Interval
^aIndependent t-test
^bOne-way analysis of variance

ISSN: 2050-2974