Fig. 4

Impaired predictive coding in the context of dual-level multisensory integration. Panel A shows how, when first- and third-person spatial frame signals have to be combined, the integration result is biased towards the latter if a higher level of precision (more weight) is assigned to the allocentric information. Panel B summarizes the critical steps of inference processing when combining information from different sensory domains; changes could occur if more weight is given to priors and predictions than to incoming information, partly due to neurobiological factors. The discrepancy (prediction error) would then be resolved by seeking confirmation of one's predictions through active inference, rather than by updating one's internal models. In this active inference, socio-cultural, emotional, genetic, and neurobiological factors can guide the search for and processing of the information encountered. Therefore, the result (posterior) will be biased and not fully consistent with the original incoming sensory information