Low bone mineral density is found in low weight female youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and associated with higher PYY levels

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics in ARFID vs. healthy control groups

Clinical characteristics	ARFID (n = 14)	HC (n = 20)	p value
Age (years)	16.41 ± 0.96	16.29 ± 0.78	0.954
Race, n (%)			0.525
Asian	1 (7.14)	1 (5.00)
Black or African American	0	0
White	11 (78.58)	15 (75.00)
More than one race	2 (14.28)	4 (20.00)
Premenarchal	6 (42.86)	4 (20.00)	0.252
Total exposure to estrogen in past 9 months (months)**	4.79 ± 1.20	6.75 ± 3.64	0.183
Tanner stage (breasts)	3.71 ± 0.30	4.05 ± 0.28	0.436
Tanner stage (pubic hair)	3.64 ± 0.32	4.05 ± 0.28	0.358
Weight (kg)	40.54 ± 1.63	56.60 ± 2.44	< 0.001*
Height (cm)	157.36 ± 2.19	161.72 ± 2.04	0.163
BMI (kg/m²)	16.27 ± 0.27	21.45 ± 0.61	< 0.001*
BMI z-score	− 1.71 ± 0.25 (n = 11)	0.29 ± 0.17 (n = 16)	< 0.001*
Total fat mass (kg)	11.14 ± 0.59	16.01 ± 1.42	0.010*
Total lean mass (kg)	28.83 ± 1.18	33.90 ± 2.98	0.211
% Body fat	26.40 ± 0.69	31.67 ± 1.10	< 0.001*
PYY (pg/ml)	98.18 ± 13.55 (n = 11)	71.40 ± 5.61 (n = 15)	0.055
Total body BMD (g/cm²)	0.93 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.03	0.105
Total body less head BMD (g/cm²)	0.81 ± 0.09	0.88 ± 0.03	0.091
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm²)	0.84 ± 0.03 (n = 13)	0.87 ± 0.04 (n = 18)	0.570

Mean ± SEM for all values unless note otherwise
*Significant p value ≤ 0.05
**Total exposure to estrogen in the past 9 months refers to the number of months of exposure to estrogen at physiologic levels or months of use of oral contraceptives
ARFID Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, BMI Body mass index, HC Healthy controls, PYY peptide YY

ISSN: 2050-2974