The prevalence of orthorexia in exercising populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hafstad, Stine Marie; Bauer, Jonas; Harris, Anette; Pallesen, Ståle

doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00739-6

Journal of Eating Disorders

Table 2 Characteristics of prevalence studies of exercise populations

From: The prevalence of orthorexia in exercising populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID	Country	Selection	Sample type	Age range	Age Mean ± SD	ON instrument	Cut-off	N	% Female	Sport type	ON prev%	RR %
Almeida et al. [34]	Portugal	Non-random	Exercisers	18–59	32.8 ± 11.6	ORTO-15	35	193	58.5	Individual	51.8	100
Bert et al. [76]	Italy	Non-random	Athletes	18–40	26.5 ± 5.4	ORTO-15	40	367	25.5	Mixed/unknown	71.9	100
Bo et al. [75]	Italy	Non-random	Students	Not provided	19.9 ± 1.8	ORTO-15	35	200	32.5	Mixed/unknown	26.5	87.0
Civil [79]	Turkey	Non-random	Athletes	18–37	22.9 ± 4.3	ORTO-11	27	143	31.5	Individual	75.5	100
Clifford and Blyth [4]	UK	Non-random	Students & athletes	18–27	21 ± 1.0	ORTO-15	40	116	58.0	Team sport	76.6	100
Dabal [80]	Poland	Non-random	Students	18–35	23.9 ± 4.7	ORTO-15	35	83	49.6	Mixed/unknown	37.3	100
Dunn et al. [17]	USA	Non-random	Students	Not sited	21.7 ± 4.8	ORTO-15	40	264	68.0	Individual	74.2	93.5
Erkin and Göl [78]	Turkey	Non-random	Athletes	18–56	30.5 ± 9.2	ORTO-11	27	118	92.4	Individual	75.0	77.1
Freire et al. [77]	Brazil	Non-random	Exercisers	18–34	26.6 ± 7.8	ORTO-15	40	60	63.3	Individual	80.0	100
Kattan [84]	Lebanon	Random	Students	18–30	21.7 ± 1.9	ORTO-15	40	152	84.0	Mixed/unknown	68.4	100
Keller and Konradsen [71]	Denmark	Non-random	Exercisers	16–29	22 ± 3.4	OS	7	119	53.8	Individual	8.4	100
Kiss-Leizer et al. [83]	Hungary	Non-random	General population	18–72	29.7 ± 10.2	ORTO-11	14–19	635	79.2	Individual	36.9	100
Labossiere and Thibault [86]	Canada	Non-random	Students & athletes	Not provided	21.3 ± 1.7	ORTO-15	35	133	71.4	Mixed/unknown	11.3	31.6
Lewis [70]	USA	Non-random	Students & athletes	18–23	20.5 ± 1.2	ORTO-15	40	427	44.0	Team sport	66.3	71.0
Malmborg et al. [82]	Sweden	Non-random	Students	19–29	22.8 ± 2.2	ORTO-15	40	118	54.2	Mixed/unknown	78.8	66.1
De Marchi and Baratto [68]	Portugal	Non-random	Students	18–39	21 ± not provided	ORTO-15	40	41	93.9	Mixed/unknown	73.2	96.5
Rizzieri et al. [74]	Portugal	Non-random	Exercisers	20–59	29.9 ± 7	ORTO-15	40	65	55.4	Individual	89.2	100
Rudolph and Göring [36]	Germany	Non-random	Athletes	Not provided	29.4 ± 11.6	DOS	30	1008	44.5	Individual	4.3	100
Segura-Garcia et al. [33]	Italy	Non-random	Athletes	16–45	22.3 ± 4.7	ORTO-15	35	577	32.8	Mixed/unknown	28.8	86.8
da Silva et al. [72]	Brazil	Non-random	Exercisers	18–60	27.8 ± 5.1	TOS	50–75	226	36.3	Individual	5.3	100
Surala et al. [16]	Poland	Non-random	Athletes	14–39	20.9 ± 4.7	ORTO-15	40	273	45.8	Mixed/unknown	88.3	100
Tocchetto et al. [73]	Portugal	Non-random	Students & athletes	Not sited	23.5 ± 1.4	ORTO-15	40	50	46.0	Mixed/unknown	78	100
Uriegas et al. [69]	USA	Non-random	Students & athletes	18–40	19.6 ± 1.4	ORTO-15	40	1090	69.4	Mixed/unknown	67.9	98.6
Herranz Valera et al. [85]	Switzerland	Non-random	Athletes	20–55	37 ± 6.7	ORTO-15	40	136	65.5	Individual	86.6	23.4

ON othorexia nervosa, Prev prevalence, RR response rate, OS orthorexia screen, DOS Düsseldorfer Orthorexie Scale, TOS Teruel Orthorexia Scale
Cut-off, a mark for the lowest point at which ON is attained. Sample type, divided in which groups total samples is recruited from (75% or more)

Back to article page

ISSN: 2050-2974

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com