From: Carbohydrate malabsorption in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review
References | Study type | Entity | Number of participants | Intervention/exposition | Control | Observation period/parameters and tests | Key results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Friesen et al. [27] | Case-control study | Eating disorders (EDs) | 26 female patients with ED: anorexia nervosa (n = 10), bulimia nervosa (n = 5), ED not otherwise specified (n = 11: 6 purging type, 5 restricting type) | 50 g glucose solution and 25 g fructose-5 g sorbitol (F–S) solution | Healthy normal weight women (n = 20) | 2 consecutive days/gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: abdominal pain and discomfort, bloating, abdominal distension, burping, nausea, increased bowel movement, feeling of fullness, borborygmi (determined before and hourly following ingestion over a period of 3 h), hydrogen breath concentration (in ppm) | GI symptoms in patients with ED especially with a low BMI (≤ 17,5 kg/m2) were greater following F–S (n = 15)—including 8 with AN, 13 defined as malabsorbers based on the hydrogen breath concentration (≥ 20 ppm)—than following glucose (n = 1) 80% of patients with AN exhibited a symptom response (total symptom score of 5 or greater) to F–S No difference in the peak levels of the hydrogen breath concentration between ED malabsorbers and healthy control malabsorbers No significant difference in symptom scores between ED malabsorbers and absorbers GI transit time in ED malabsorbers longer than in control malabsorbers following F–S |
Täljemark et al. [28] | Cross-sectional study | Restrictive eating problems (REP), mental and GI comorbidities | Boys and girls with REP (n = 95) including 3 with the diagnosis AN, selected from 9- or 12-year old Swedish twin children (n = 19,130) | None | Children without REP (n = 18,261) | Data from telephone interviews with parents of 9- or 12-year old Swedish twins out of the sub-study CATSS 9/12 (Child and adolescent twin study in Sweden) in 2004, birth cohorts between 1992 and 2000 were considered, to determine mental and physical health problems in children including questions about previous clinically diagnosed ED, REP definition based on the eating module in the Autism, Tics-AD/HD and other Disorders (A-TAC) inventory, Mann–Whitney U tests to examine the differences in the mean number of coexisting disorders among boys and girls | Most prevalent coexisting GI problems in children with REP were constipation (n = 21, 22.1% of children with REP), lactose intolerance (n = 12, 12.6% of children with REP) and food allergy (n = 11, 11.6% of children with REP) The odds ratio (OR) for coexisting lactose intolerance in girls was 2.91, most prevalent coexisting psychiatric problems were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder (LD, both n = 34 or 35.8% of children with REP) |