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Table 2 Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications and parent reported symptoms for pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome subgroup in pediatric eating disorders population

From: Prevalence of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) in children and adolescents with eating disorders

 

PANS group (n = 52)

Non-PANS group (n = 48)

t valuea

dfa

P valuea,b

Demographic characteristics

Gender, number male (%)

6 (11.5)

14 (29.2)

  

0.016

Symptom onset, mean age (SD)

13.17 (1.96)

12.79 (2.75)

0.803

98

0.131

Percent of median BMI for age, mean (SD)c

84.79 (13.66)

87.31 (13.90)

− 0.607

98

0.366

Type of eating disorder

AN (%)

35 (67.3)

27 (56.3)

  

0.305

BN (%)

2 (3.8)

4 (8.3)

  

*

ARFID (%)

10 (19.2)

13 (27.1)

  

0.476

Other specified feeding or eating disorder (%)

1 (1.9)

1 (2.1)

  

*

Unspecified eating disorder (%)

4 (7.7)

3 (6.3)

  

*

Co-occurring diagnoses

Mood disorder (%)d

9 (17.3)

5 (10.4)

  

0.394

Anxiety disorder (%)e

29 (55.8)

23 (47.9)

  

0.548

OCD (%)

5 (9.6)

3 (6.3)

  

0.717

Tic disorder (%)

1 (1.9)

0

  

*

ADHD (%)

5 (9.6)

6 (12.5)

  

0.754

Neurodevelopmental disorder (%)f

1 (1.9)

3 (6.3)

  

*

Somatic symptom disorder (%)

1 (1.9)

1 (2.1)

  

*

Autoimmune disorder (%)g

2 (3.8)

1 (2.1)

  

*

Medications

SSRI (%)h

12 (23.1)

4 (8.3)

  

0.045

NDRI (%)i

1 (1.9)

0

  

*

ADHD medication (%) j

0

2 (4.2)

  

*

Antipsychotic (%) k

5 (9.6)

2 (4.2)

  

0.439

Sleep Aid (%)l

2 (3.8)

1 (2.1)

  

*

Benzodiazepine (%)m

5 (9.6)

2 (4.2)

  

0.439

Antibiotic (%)n

0

1 (2.1)

  

*

Anti-inflammatory/Steroid (%)o

1 (1.9)

2 (4.2)

  

*

Parent reported outcomes

Abrupt onset of either:

     

Obsessions or compulsions (%)

6 (11.5)

2 (4.2)

  

0.272

Food refusal (%)

13 (25.0)

5 (10.4)

  

0.071

Both obsessions or compulsions and food refusal (%)

33 (63.5)

1 (2.1)

  

< 0.001

Tics (%)

10 (19.2)

3 (6.3)

  

0.054

  1. PANS pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome, BMI body mass index, AN anorexia nervosa, BN bulimia nervosa, ARFID avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, MDD major depressive disorder, GAD generalized anxiety disorder, OCD obsessive compulsive disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, NDRI norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor
  2. *Statistical significance was not reported for variables with an n that is less than 5% of the total population
  3. aIndependent samples t-test, two-tailed was used for continuous measures. Equal variances were assumed, as Levene’s Test was not significant in any instance (p > 0.05)
  4. bFisher’s Exact Test, two−tailed was used for dichotomous measures
  5. cRecorded BMI was missing from two patient charts in the non-PANS group
  6. dIncluding major depressive disorder, unspecified depressive disorder
  7. eIncluding generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, unspecified anxiety disorder
  8. fIncluding autism spectrum disorder, global developmental delay, learning disorder
  9. gIncluding hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, asthma
  10. hIncluding sertraline, fluoxetine, escitalopram, vortioxetine
  11. iIncluding bupropion
  12. jIncluding guanfacine, methylphenidate (biphentin and concerta)
  13. kIncluding olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone
  14. lIncluding trazodone, melatonin
  15. mIncluding lorazepam, clonazepam
  16. nIncluding erythromycin
  17. oIncluding cyproheptadine, fluticasone
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Journal of Eating Disorders

ISSN: 2050-2974