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Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between controls (HC), the acute anorexia nervosa (acAN) group and recovered AN group (recAN)

From: Difficulties in retrieving specific details of autobiographical memories and imagining positive future events in individuals with acute but not remitted anorexia nervosa

 

HC (n = 35)

acAN (n = 46)

recAN (n = 40)

F-value (df) or χ2 (df)

p value (Cohen’s d)

Demographic characteristics

Age, years M ± SD

26.6 ± 10.0

27.4 ± 7.2

22.9 ± 4.2

4.46 (2,118)

0.014* (0.55)

Gender, n (%)

   

5.02 (2,118)

0.081 (0.42)

 Female

35 (100%)

43 (94%)

40 (100%)

  

 Non-binary

0 (0%)

3 (6%)

0 (0%)

  

BMI, kg/m2 M ± SD

23.7 ± 4.5

16.2 ± 2.5

20.8 ± 1.9

62.04 (8)

< 0.001** (2.05)

Ethnicity, n (%)

 White

23 (68%)

43 (94%)

32 (80%)

19.85 (8)

0.011* (0.89)

 Black

2 (6%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  

 Asian

7 (20%)

0 (0%)

4 (10%)

  

 Multiracial

2 (6%)

3 (6%)

2 (5%

  

 Arab

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (5%)

  

Years of education, M ± SD

17.5 ± 2.6

16.6 ± 2.2

16.3 ± 2.0

2.54 (2,118)

0.083 (0.41)

Clinical characteristics

Use of psychotropic medication, n (%)

 Anti-depressants

0 (0%)

19 (41%)

10 (25%)

19.42 (2)

< 0.001 (0.91)**

 Mood stabilisers

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

1.05 (2)

0.590 (0.18)

 Anti-psychotics

0 (0%)

7 (15%)

0 (0%)

13.51 (2)

0.001 (0.68)**

 Anti-anxiety

0 (0%)

4 (9%)

1 (3%)

4.88 (2)

0.087 (0.40)

Uses hormonal contraceptives, n (%)

11 (32%)

9 (21%)

6 (17%)

2.54 (2)

0.282 (0.28)

Sleep quality (VAS), M ± SD

75.8 ± 18.3

52.9 ± 24.8

64.8 ± 24.4

9.86 (2,118)

< 0.001** (0.82)

Average sleep last 3 days, hours M ± SD

7.5 ± 1.0

6.7 ± 1.7

7.3 ± 1.2

3.76 (2,118)

0.026* (0.51)

Epworth Sleepiness Score, M ± SD

5.4 ± 3.8

6.3 ± 4.7

5.3 ± 5.0

0.65 (2,118)

0.526 (0.21)

EDE-Q Global, M ± SD

0.8 ± 1.0

3.6 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.2

61.25 (2,118)

< 0.001** (2.04)

DASS Depression, M ± SD

5.0 ± 6.6

19.4 ± 12.3

11.0 ± 9.4

21.56 (2,118)

< 0.001** (1.21)

DASS Anxiety, M ± SD

4.6 ± 6.0

14.2 ± 9.3

9.1 ± 7.7

14.68 (2,118)

< 0.001** (1.00)

DASS Stress, M ± SD

7.7 ± 7.3

23.5 ± 10.0

14.7 ± 8.3

33.10 (2,118)

< 0.001** (1.50)

GAD-7, M ± SD

3.2 ± 3.6

12.7 ± 5.4

8.7 ± 5.5

35.49 (2,118)

< 0.001** (1.55)

  1. acAN acute anorexia nervosa, BMI body mass index, DASS Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, EDE-Q. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale, HC healthy controls, M mean, ns non-significant, recAN recovered from anorexia nervosa, SD standard deviation, VAS visual analogue scale
  2. *Significant at the p < 0.05 threshold, **significant at the p < 0.01 threshold. All post-hoc analyses were Bonferroni corrected