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Table 2 Participants’ diabetes and binge eating outcomes (n = 21)

From: Managing type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and binge eating disorder: a qualitative study of patients’ perceptions and lived experiences

Characteristic

Mean (range)

N (%)

Diabetes diagnosis

   

Type 2 diabetes

 

10 (48)

Current hemoglobin A1c (%)

8.4 (6.4–14.0)

 

Diabetes duration (years)

12 (5–18)

 

Insulin use (% yes)*

 

3 (15)

Non-insulin T2DM medication use (% yes)*

 

9 (45)

Metformin

 

8

Sulfonylurea

 

2

Thiazolidinedione

 

1

DPP-4 inhibitor

 

1

GLP-1 receptor agonist

 

1

SGLT2 inhibitor

 

1

Prediabetes

 

11 (52)

Years since prediabetes diagnosis

5.7 (1–19)

 

Number progressing to T2DM

diagnosis

 

1 (9)

Age/Life stage of binge onset (self-reported)

   

Childhood

 

11 (52)

Adolescence

 

4 (19)

Young adulthood

 

4 (19)

Middle adulthood

 

2 (10)

Frequency of binge eating episodes

(at time of interview)

   

< 1x/month

 

5 (24)

1-2x/month

 

2 (10)

1x/week

 

4 (19)

2-3x/week

 

3 (14)

4-6x/week

 

2 (10)

1x/day

 

3 (14)

> 1x/day

 

2 (10)

EDE-Q scores**

   

Global Score

2.6 (0.6–5.3)

 

Restraint

1.5 (0–3.6)

 

Eating concern

2.5 (0–6)

 

Shape concern

3.1 (0.3–6)

 

Weight concern

3.5 (0.5–6)

 
  1. *One participant with T2DM declined to list medications; the sample size for the medication data points is 20. Some reported taking multiple non-insulin diabetes medications. Abbreviations include: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
  2. **EDE-Q global and subscale scores range from 0–6; higher number indicates more problematic eating behaviors and attitudes; a cut-off of 4 on the global score generally represents clinical significance [28]