Table 1 Sample characteristics and weight cutting protocol
From: Patterns of weight cycling in youth Olympic combat sports: a systematic review
Reference | Sample size | Age (years) | Height (cm) | Pre-RWL/RWG body mass (kg) | RWL or RWG | Methods of RWL | Magnitude of RWL/RWG (kg,%) | RWL/RWG duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alderman et al. [6] (US-46 states) | N = 2638 45 wrestlers completed weight management questionnaire | 15–18 | NA | NA | RWG | Increased exercise, sauna use, training in impermeable clothing, use of laxatives | 3.4 ± 1.8 kg (4.1%) [− 2.68 to 16.73 kg (− 2.1% to 13.4%)] | 3–7 h |
Berkovich et al. [13] (Israel) | N = 108 judokas (males) | 14.6 ± 1.6 (range 11.1–17.5) | 168.8 ± 10.2 | 58 ± 12.1 | RWL | Increased exercise, heated room training, training in impermeable clothing, sauna use, fluid restriction, food restriction, gradual dieting, fasting | 1.5 ± 1.1 kg (no percentage available) | 8.0 ± 5.4 days |
Boisseau et al. [26] (Belgium) | N = 9 judokas (females) | 16.1 ± 0.3 | 163 ± 2 | 58.9 ± 3.6 | RWL | Fluid restriction, training in impermeable clothing | 2% | 7 days |
Karnincic et al. [22] (Croatia) | N = 77 wrestlers (males) | 16.0 ± 0.8 | Lightweight = 167.8 ± 7.2 Middleweight = 176.3 ± 6.8 Heavyweight = 179.2 ± 3.5 | Lightweight = 55.2 ± 13.6 Middleweight = 65.5 ± 2.8 Heavyweight = 81.8 ± 8.7 | RWL | NA | 1.25% | 7 days |
Nascimento et al. [25] (Brazil) | N = 186 wrestlers (males) | 13.31 ± 0.6 | 53.64 ± 0.6 | NA | RWL | Fluid restriction, training in impermeable clothing, increased exercise, food restriction | 1 kg (~ 1.8%) | 7 days |
Viveiros et al. [24] (Brazil) | N = 31 Wrestlers (males 15; females 19) | 13 ± 2 | NA | NA | RWG | Increased exercise, food restriction | females = 6.3 ± 3.7%; males = 3.1 ± 1.8% | 24 h |
Zubac et al. [23] (Europe) | N = 83 boxers (males) | 17.1 ± 0.9 | 176 ± 8 cm | 68.5 ± 12.9 | RWL | Food restriction, training in impermeable clothes, sauna use | 2–5% | < 7 days |