From: Correction to: Weight stigma in the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Type of evidence (No. of studies) | Findings (No. of studies) |
---|---|
Question 1. Configuration of weight stigma in the pandemic (n = 35) | |
Nomenclature*(35) | Weight stigma (18) |
Obesity stigma (9) | |
Weight bias (4) | |
Weight discrimination (3) | |
Weight bias and stigma (3) | |
Others (4) | |
Cited dimension*(35) | Stigma experienced (pre or during pandemic) (7) |
Self-stigmatization (3) | |
Structural weight stigma (25) | |
Weight stigmatizing media content (news, social media) (18) | |
Weight bias in the healthcare** (13) | |
Stigmatizing public health campaigns (5) | |
Intersectional stigma (4) | |
Not specific / not clear (6) | |
Measurement* (6) | Experienced/perceived weight stigma (6) |
Single question (3) 3 closed-ended questions (1) 4 closed-ended questions (1) Adapted scale (1) | |
Weight stigma internalization (1) | |
Scale (1) | |
Exposure weight stigma media content (1) | |
Single question (1) | |
Settings/nature* (23) | Media (18) |
Healthcare (13) | |
Public campaign (5) | |
Public perception of obesity (1) | |
Parents and peers (1) | |
Online teaching (1) | |
Question 2. Consequences/outcomes in the pandemic associated with weight stigma (n = 25) | |
Pre-pandemic/history of weight stigma experiences and pandemic outcomes in quantitative studies* (5) | Decrease in psychological wellbeing indicators in adults (4) |
Greater precautionary behavior to prevent infection in adults (2) | |
Association with maladaptive eating in adults (2) *** | |
Association with adverse eating behaviours and exercise attitudes in adults (1) | |
Predictor of all types of psychological stress in children (1) | |
Perceived weight stigma during the pandemic and outcomes in quantitative studies (3) | Predictor of all types of psychological stress in children (1) |
Aligned with increased body dissatisfaction during the pandemic in adolescents (1) | |
Internalized weight stigma measured the pandemic and outcomes in quantitative studies (1) | Association with adverse weight-related health indices in adults (1) |
Exposure to weight stigma on social media during the pandemic and outcomes in quantitative studies (1) | Aligned with increased body dissatisfaction during the pandemic in adolescents (1) |
Weight stigma and associated consequences in qualitative studies (1) | Decreased ability to engage in obesity treatment during the pandemic because of self-stigmatization in adults (1) |
Weight stigma and associated consequences in reviews and text and opinion documents* (18) | Impediment/delay in accessing information/health services in the pandemic (10) as a consequence of the weight stigma suffered in the healthcare (5), previous experiences of weight stigma (3), high stigma/perceived vulnerability in the pandemic (1), concern to be included as a burden to health system(1) and intersection of vulnerabilities in the pandemic (1) |
Worst outcomes for COVID-19 (8) associated with reluctance/delay in seeking health services in the pandemic (5), poorer quality of care for PwO in the pandemic (1), and intersections of vulnerabilities in the pandemic (3) | |
The worsening quality of care provided in the pandemic (2) associated with weight bias in health professionals during the pandemic (2) and lack of health equipment/accommodations for PwO (1) | |
Risk of illness by COVID-19 associated with rationing of COVID-19 care or resources for fat people (1) | |
Deepening health inequities in face of weight stigma (1) | |
The relegation of bariatric surgery as an indication of systematic bias and discrimination towards PwO (1) | |
Increase ssusceptibility to disordered or maladaptive eating (6) associated with exposure to stigmatizing weight content on social media in the pandemic (2), stigmatization of obesity in public campaigns (1) , PwO stigmatization history (1); children’s bullying in online education (1), previous experiences of weight stigma (1) | |
Question 3. Perceptions/experiences of weight stigma in PwO in the pandemic (n = 2) | |
Perceptions/experiences in a qualitative study(1) | Difficulty in getting involved in the treatment of obesity in the pandemic associated with weight self-stigma (1) |
Perceptions/experiences in a text and opinion document* (1) | Feeling like are low priority than any other condition as a result of stigma on social media during the pandemic (1) |
Impediment to exercise/buy food in the pandemic associated with stigma or shame (1) |