Table 2 Comparison between adolescents with T1D with and without DEB
DEB | Test value | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative N = 54 | Positive N = 6 | |||
Age (years) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 12.00 ± 1.57 | 12.33 ± 1.51 | 0.496• | 0.622 |
Range | 12–17 | 12–15 | ||
Gender | ||||
Female | 30 (55.6%) | 5 (83.3%) | 1.714* | 0.190 |
Male | 24 (44.4%) | 1 (16.7%) | ||
Smoking | ||||
Negative | 54 (100.0%) | 4 (66.7%) | F° | 0.008 |
Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | ||
Exercise/week | ||||
Negative | 46 (85.2%) | 4 (66.7%) | 1.333* | 0.248 |
Positive | 8 (14.8%) | 2 (33.3%) | ||
Family history of psychiatric disease | ||||
Negative | 54 (100.0%) | 4 (66.7%) | F° | 0.008 |
Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | ||
Disease duration (years) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 3.61 ± 1.31 | 4.87 ± 1.25 | 2.244• | 0.028 |
Range | 1–7 | 2–7 | ||
Socioeconomic status scale | ||||
Mean ± SD | 58.18 ± 4.53 | 57.27 ± 2.90 | 0.479• | 0.634 |
Range | 44–68 | 50–63 | ||
Wt Z score | ||||
Median (IQR) | − 0.09 (− 0.92 to 0.52) | − 0.69 (− 0.95 to 0.11) | − 0.789≠ | 0.430 |
Range | − 2 to 1.71 | − 1.03 to 1.14 | ||
Height Z score | ||||
Median (IQR) | − 0.83 (− 1.16 to − 0.01) | − 1.18 (− 1.43 to − 0.44) | − 1.417≠ | 0.156 |
Range | − 1.5 to 1.81 | − 1.5 to − 0.08 | ||
BMI Z score | ||||
Median (IQR) | 0.56 (0.08–1.15) | 0.38 (− 0.08 to 0.56) | − 0.345≠ | 0.730 |
Range | − 2 to 2 | − 0.24 to 1.96 | ||
HbA1C % | ||||
Mean ± SD | 7.47 ± 1.51 | 8.82 ± 1.09 | 2.122• | 0.038 |
Range | 5.6–13.5 | 7.2–10.5 | ||
Mode of treatment | ||||
Basal bolus | 24 (44.4%) | 6 (100.0%) | 6.667* | 0.009 |
CSII | 30 (55.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Total insulin daily dose (U/kg day) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 1.05 ± 0.28 | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 0.188• | 0.851 |
Range | 0.8–2 | 0.9–1.3 | ||
PHQ9 | ||||
Median (IQR) | 6 (3–8) | 11 (10–12) | − 2.851≠ | 0.004 |
Range | 1–16 | 6–27 | ||
Body image tool | ||||
Median (IQR) | 126.5 (116–132) | 97 (89–99) | − 2.942≠ | 0.003 |
Range | 88–145 | 84–119 | ||