Table 1 Maternal outcomes women with active AN during pregnancies are more likely to occur in comparison to women without a history of AN—sorted by the number of studies and NHMRC level of evidence
From: Pregnancy outcomes in women with active anorexia nervosa: a systematic review
Maternal outcomes | The number of studies and NHMRC level of evidence | Odds ratios (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Anaemia | 2 Retrospective cohort studies (Level III-2) [23, 24], 1 Case report (Level IV) [25] | 2.1 (1.3–3.2) [23] |
2.39 (1.20–4.76) [24] | ||
Caesarean section | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [7], 3 Case reports (Level IV) [26, 27, 31] | – |
Recreational substance use including smoking and alcohol use | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [28], 1 Case series (Level IV) [29], 1 Case report (Level IV) [31] | – |
Hyperemesis | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [23], 1 Case series (Level IV) [33] | 4.9 (3.5–6.9) [23] |
Precipitous labour | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [28] | 1.43 (1.12–1.82) [28] |
Acute liver failure | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [28] | 1.90 (1.12–3.21) [28] |
Intensive care unit admission | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [28] | 1.86 (1.06–3.28) [28] |
Premature contractions | 1 Retrospective cohort study (Level III-2) [24] | 2.31 (1.05–5.11) [24] |
Worsening anorexia nervosa during perinatal period | 2 Case reports (Level IV) [30, 31], 2 Case series (Level IV) [29, 32] | – |
Femoral fractures secondary to osteoporosis | 2 Case reports (Level IV) [26, 27]—one study was twin pregnancy [27] | – |
Electrolyte imbalances | – | |
Hypoproteinemia | – | |
Metabolic alkalosis | 1 Case report (Level IV) [30] | – |
Central diabetes insipidus | 1 Case report (Level IV) [36] | – |
Poor lactation | 1 Case report (Level IV) [31] | – |
Child neglect | 1 Case report (Level IV) [31] | – |
Symphysis pubis dysfunction | 1 Case series (Level IV) [33] | – |
Severe and early Braxton Hicks | 1 Case series (Level IV) [33] | – |
Refeeding syndrome | 1 Case report (Level IV) [34] | – |
Poor weight gain | 1 Case report (Level IV) [37] | – |
Thrombocytopenia | 1 Case report (Level IV) [25] | – |
Leukopenia | 1 Case report (Level IV) [25] | – |