Table 1 Characteristics of National Survey of American Life (NSAL) participants and comparisons by food insufficiency status
Characteristic | Overall sample (N = 4553) | Food insufficiency status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food insufficient (N = 497) | Food sufficient (N = 4056) | P | PFDR | Post hoc | ||
Sociodemographics | ||||||
Race | Â | Â | Â | 0.21 | 0.23 | n/a |
 African-American | 71% (3233) | 69% (341) | 71% (2892) |  |  |  |
 Afro-Caribbean | 29% (1320) | 31% (156) | 29% (1164) |  |  |  |
Age (years): mean ± SD | 42.37 (16.01) | 40.17 (14.25) | 42.64 (16.19) |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | n/a |
Gender |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | n/a |
 Male | 37% (1705) | 29% (146) | 38% (1559) |  |  |  |
 Female | 63% (2848) | 71% (351) | 62% (2497) |  |  |  |
Marital status |  |  |  | 0.001** | 0.002** | Divorced/separated/widowed, never married > Married/cohabiting |
 Married/cohabitating | 37% (1705) | 29% (143) | 39% (1562) |  |  | |
 Divorced/separated/widowed | 30% (1346) | 33% (163) | 29% (1183) |  |  | |
 Never married | 33% (1502) | 38% (191) | 32% (1311) |  |  | |
Employment status |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | Unemployed > Not in labor force > Employed |
 Employed | 68% (3115) | 58% (286) | 70% (2829) |  |  | |
 Unemployed | 10% (459) | 20% (99) | 9% (360) |  |  | |
 Not in labor force | 22% (979) | 23% (112) | 21% (867) |  |  | |
Education |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | 0–11 years > 12 years > 13–15 years > 16 + years |
 0–11 years | 24% (1074) | 35% (176) | 22% (898) |  |  | |
 12 years | 35% (1612) | 37% (185) | 35% (1427) |  |  | |
 13–15 years | 24% (1094) | 19% (92) | 25% (1002) |  |  | |
 16 + years | 17% (773) | 9% (44) | 18% (729) |  |  | |
Past 12Â months economic/poverty indicators | ||||||
Social assistance |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | Received two or more types > Received one type > Did not receive any |
 Did not receive any | 47% (2160) | 33% (162) | 49% (1998) |  |  | |
 Received one type | 31% (1426) | 36% (178) | 31% (1248) |  |  | |
Received two or more types | 21% (967) | 32% (157) | 20% (810) | Â | Â | |
 Met expenses |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | Did not meet two or more > Did not meet one > Met all |
 Met all | 61% (2788) | 24% (120) | 66% (2668) |  |  | |
 Did not meet one | 15% (670) | 14% (71) | 15% (599) |  |  | |
 Did not meet two or more | 24% (1095) | 62% (306) | 19% (789) |  |  | |
Number of household dependents |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** | Three or more > None, One, Two |
 None | 56% (2562) | 50% (249) | 57% (2313) |  |  | |
 One | 21% (941) | 21% (106) | 21% (835) |  |  | |
 Two | 13% (587) | 13% (64) | 13% (523) |  |  | |
 Three or more | 10% (463) | 16% (78) | 9% (385) |  |  | |
Number of household members who support the household financially |  |  |  |  < 0.001*** |  < 0.001*** |  |
 One | 53% (2433) | 64% (318) | 52% (2115) |  |  | One > Two, Three or more |
 Two | 39% (1757) | 30% (151) | 40% (1606) |  |  | |
 Three or more | 8% (363) | 6% (28) | 8% (335) |  |  | |
Obesity and binge eating outcomes | ||||||
 Obese | 33% (1506) | 37% (183) | 33% (1323) | 0.06 | 0.07 | n/a |
 Recurrent binge eating in the past 12 months | 2% (94) | 3% (17) | 2% (77) | 0.02* | 0.03* | n/a |
 Lifetime binge eating | 3% (156) | 6% (28) | 3% (128) | 0.004** | 0.006** | n/a |