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Table 4 Comparison of total scores of PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, SSRS on different demographic variables in the ED group (n = 315)

From: Psychological distress and associated factors of the primary caregivers of offspring with eating disorder during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Variables

PHQ-9 total scores

GAD-7 total scores

PSS-10 total scores

SSRS total scores

Md(Q3-Q1)

Z/H

P

Md(Q3-Q1)

Z/H

P

Md(Q3-Q1)

Z/H

P

Md(Q3-Q1)

Z/H

P

1. Personal characteristics

 Gender

Female

6 (9–3)

−0.401

0.688

4 (8–2)

−0.882

0.378

18 (22–14)

−2.654

0.008

38 (44–32)

− 0.504

0.614

Male

5 (8–3)

4 (6–2)

16 (19–12)

38 (43–32)

 Psychical illness

No

5 (8–2)

−2.617

0.009

4 (7–2)

−2.381

0.017

18 (21–13)

−1.994

0.046

38 (44–32)

− 1.641

0.101

Yes

8.5 (12.25–4.25)

7.5 (14–3.25)

20 (24.5–15.25)

34 (40.25–31.25)

 Mental illness

No

5 (8–2)

−5.174

< 0.001

4 (7–2)

−4.174

< 0.001

17 (21–12.50)

− 3.960

< 0.001

38 (45–32)

−3.333

0.001

Yes

10 (14.25–6)

7 (12.25–4)

20.5 (25–17.75)

34 (38.25–27.75)

 Weight dissatisfied

No

5 (8–2)

−2.213

0.027

4 (7–2)

−1.898

0.058

17 (20.75–13)

− 1.927

0.054

37.5 (44.75–31)

−0.130

0.896

Yes

6 (9–3)

5 (8–2)

18 (23–14)

38 (43–33)

 Body shape dissatisfied

No

5 (8–3)

−2.225

0.026

4 (7–2)

−1.546

0.122

18 (21–13)

− 1.344

0.179

38 (43–32)

−0.614

0.539

Yes

7 (10–2.75)

5 (9–2)

18 (22–14)

38 (45–31.75)

2. Offspring information

 Definitely diagnosed with ED

No

6 (10–2)

−0.364

0.716

4 (8–2)

− 0.150

0.881

16 (21–11)

−1.544

0.123

38 (42.5–32.5)

−0.008

0.993

Yes

5 (8–3)

4 (7–2)

18 (21–14)

38 (44–32)

 Diagnostic subtypes

AN

6 (8.75–3)

12.779

0.005

4 (8–2)

3.382

0.336

18 (22–14)

5.180

0.159

37 (43–32)

3.992

0.262

BN

5 (8–2.5)

4 (7–2)

18 (21–14)

39 (45–31.5)

BED

3 (5–1.25)

3.5 (5–2)

16 (20–12)

40 (45–34.5)

EDNOS

4 (8–1.5)

4 (9–0.5)

15 (21.5–11)

35 (42–30.5)

3. Family information

 Economic level

Low

7 (10–3.75)

10.550

0.005

6 (10–2)

4.298

0.117

20 (23–14.75)

6.535

0.038

33 (38.25–29)

17.048

< 0.001

Medium

5 (8–2)

4 (7–2)

17 (20–13)

39 (45–33)

High

6.5 (11–2.25)

4.5 (8.5–1)

18 (23–14.25)

35 (45–30.25)

 Marital satisfaction

Low

6 (10–4)

−3.740

< 0.001

6 (9–3)

−3.360

0.001

18 (22–15)

−2.314

0.021

33 (40–29)

−5.550

< 0.001

High

4 (7–2)

4 (6.75–2)

17 (21–12)

40 (46–35)

 Intimacy with offspring

Low

6 (9.25–3)

−2.306

0.021

4.5 (8–2)

−1.499

0.134

18 (22–13.75)

−0.760

0.447

36 (42–30)

−3.338

0.001

High

5 (8–2)

4 (7–2)

18 (21–13)

39 (45–33)

 Parenting style

Authoritative

6 (10–3)

5.148

0.161

5 (8–3)

6.017

0.111

18.5 (23–13)

4.365

0.225

38 (45.25–33)

4.638

0.200

Authoritarian

6 (8–2)

5 (8.5–2)

19.5

(22.75–15.25)

38 (43–30)

Democratic

5 (8–2)

4 (7–2)

17 (21–13)

38 (44–32)

Permissive

5.5 (10.25–3)

4 (7–1)

18 (20–15)

35 (40.25–30)

 Place of residence during the pandemic

Central China

6 (11–4)

−1.223

0.221

4 (8.5–3.5)

−0.954

0.340

18 (23–15.5)

− 0.751

0.452

40 (43–37.5)

− 1.204

0.228

Non-central China

5 (8–2.75)

4 (7–2)

18 (21–13)

38 (44–32)

 Family conflicts

No

4 (7–2)

−4.980

< 0.001

4 (6–1)

−4.432

< 0.001

17 (20–13)

−1.917

0.055

38 (45–32.5)

− 1.837

0.066

Yes

7 (10–4)

6 (9.25–3)

18 (23–13)

36.5 (43–31)

 Diagnosed with COVID-19

No

5 (8.25–3)

−0.767

0.443

4 (7–2)

−1.469

0.142

18 (21–13)

− 1.344

0.179

38 (44–32)

−0.842

0.400

Yes

–

–

–

–

 Isolation caused by COVID-19

No

5 (8–2)

−1.707

0.088

4 (7–2)

− 1.623

0.105

18 (21–13)

−0.653

0.514

38 (43–32)

− 0.642

0.521

Yes

8 (9–4)

7 (9–3)

19 (24–13)

41 (48–30)

 Interaction time with offspring before the pandemic

Less

5 (9–3)

−0.482

0.630

4 (8–2)

−1.353

0.176

18 (21–13)

−0.463

0.643

38 (43–31)

−0.859

0.390

More

6 (8–2)

4 (6.5–1)

18 (21–12)

38 (45–32.5)

 Interaction time with offspring during the pandemic

Less

6 (9–3)

− 1.382

0.167

4 (7–2)

− 1.512

0.130

17 (21–13)

−0.934

0.350

36.5 (43–30.25)

−3.235

0.001

More

5 (8–2)

4 (7–2)

18 (22–13)

40 (46–34)

  1. Note. ED Eating Disorder, Md Median, Q3 The Upper Quartile, Q1 The Lower Quartile, Z Z-Value, H H-Value, P P-Value, PHQ-9 The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale-10, SSRS Social Support Rating Scale, COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019, AN Anorexia Nervosa, BN Bulimia Nervosa, BED Binge Eating Disorder, EDNOS Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified, n Number of samples