Table 2 Amended Down’s and Black Quality Index scores for included studies
Reporting | Power | |||||||
Aim described? | Main outcomes described? | Participant characteristics described? | Main findings described? | Estimates of random variability? | Probability values reported? | Power calculation? | ||
Oldershaw et al. [60] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | |
Bentz et al. [9] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Hamatani et al. [36] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | |
Westwood et al. [94] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Renwick et al. [67] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Talbot et al. [79] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Calderoni et al. [14] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Harrison et al. [38] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Spitoni et al. [75] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Herbrich et al. [39] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Van Noort et al. [89] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
Stedal & Dahlgren [76] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | |
McAnarney et al. [54] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | |
External validity | Internal validity | |||||||
Invited participants representative of population? | Final participants representative of population? | Staff and facilities representative of population? | “Data dredging” made clear? | Statistical tests appropriate? | Measures valid and reliable? | Adjustment for confounds? | Total | |
Oldershaw et al. [60] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Bentz et al. [9] | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Hamatani et al. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Westwood et al. | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 11 |
Renwick et al. [67] | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Talbot et al. [79] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | 12 |
Calderoni et al. | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Harrison et al. [38] | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Spitoni et al. [75] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | 13 |
Herbrich et al. [39] | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 12 |
Van Noort et al. | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 13 |
Stedal & Dahlgren [76] | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | 10 |
McAnarney et al. | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 11 |