Table 3 Eating Disorder and Disordered Eating Behavior Risk Factors in Male Bisexual Adults and Adolescents
From: Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in the LGBT population: a review of the literature
Risk Factors | Eating Disorders | Disordered Eating Behaviors | |
|---|---|---|---|
Adults | Adults | Adolescents | |
Sexual Orientation | Attending a gay recreational group Ambivalence toward sexual orientation Concern about the perception of others regarding sexual orientation Gay community involvement Sexual objectification experiences Pornography viewing Antibisexual discrimination Internalized biphobia Sexual objectification experiences | Discrimination Concealment of sexual orientation Rumination Internalized biphobia Internalized binegativity Gay community identification (thinner men) Sexual objectification experiences | Â |
Relationship Dynamic | Social media use | Being single Lower relationship satisfaction | Cyberbullying Lack of support from adults |
Body Image | Maladaptive social comparison Drive for muscularity Exercise frequency Internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness Body surveillance Steroid use Upward appearance-based social comparisons Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI | Awareness of sociocultural norms regarding weight Implicit and explicit attitudes regarding weight External motivation for working out Engaging in behaviors to increase muscle mass Pressure to diet Internalization of sociocultural standards of attractiveness Body surveillance Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI | Lack of physical activity Body image dissatisfaction Higher BMI |
Intrapsychic Functioning | Low self-esteem | Susceptibility to social messages Low self-esteem Reduced self-awareness | Â |
Demographic | Latino/Hispanic or black ethnicity | Caucasian ethnicity Older age | Older age |
Mental Health | Anxiety Substance use disorder Specific phobia Any psychiatric disorder History of childhood sexual abuse | History of childhood sexual abuse Depression | Â |
Gender Attitude | Gender role orientation Recalled childhood harassment for gender nonconformity Conformity to masculine norms | Â | Â |