Author (Year) | N | Country | Gender (N or %) | Age range Mean (SD) | Sample | Assessment | Prevalence type | Prevalence (%) of ED, AN, BN (95% CI) | Prevalence (%) of BED, OSFED, UFED (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2-STAGE DESIGN | |||||||||
Mustelin et al. [10]a | 2825 | Finland | ♀ | 22-27 24.4 (0.9) | FinnTwin16 sample | Screening: Self-report questionnaire developed for the study and three subscales from the EDI-2 Diagnosis: SCID-I/NP | Lifetime | NR | OSFED + UFED: 1.5 (1.1-2.1) OSFED: 0.6 (0.3-1.0) UFED: 0.9 (0.6-1-4) |
Mustelin et al. [7]b | 2825 | Finland | ♀ | 22-27 24.4 (0.9) | FinnTwin16 sample | Screening: Self-report questionnaire developed for the study and three subscales from the EDI-2 Diagnosis: SCID-I/NP | Lifetime | AN: 3.6 (2.7-4.2) | NR |
Solmi et al. [16]c | 1698 | UK | ♀ (66%) ♂ (44%) | 16-90 (mean and SD not available) | SELCoH | Screening: SCOFF Diagnosis: SCID-I-N/P | Point | ED: 7.4 (4.1-)13.0 AN: 0.0 (0) BN: 0.8 (0.4-1.9) | BED: 3.6 (1.4-9.0) OSFED: 2.4 (0.9-6.7) OSFED-PD: 0.6 (0.2-1.5%) |
Smink et al. [15]d | 1597 | Holland | ♀ (53.9%) ♂ (56.1%) | 19.1 (0.6) (age range not available) | Community cohort | Screening: Questionnaire on mental health and social functioning, height/weight and WHO-CIDI Diagnosis: SCID-I and parts of EDE | Lifetime (L) Point (P) | ♀ ED (L, P): 5.7, 3.7 (4.2-7.5, 2.6-5.2) AN (L, P): 1.7, 1.2 (1.0-2.9, 0.6-2.1) BN (L, P): 0.8, 0.6 (0.3-1.7, 0.2-1.3) ♂ ED (L, P): 1.2, 0.5 (0.6-2.3, 0.1-1.4) AN (L, P): 0.1, 0.1 (0.0-0.8, 0.0-0.8) BN (L, P): 0.1, 0.1 (0.0-0.8, 0.0-0.8) | ♀ BED (L, P): 2.3, 1.6 (1.4-3.6, 0.9-2.7) OSFED (L, P): 0.6, 0.3 (0.2-1.3, 0.1-1.0) UFED (L, P): 0.2, 0.0 (0.0-0.8, 0) ♂ BED (L, P): 0.7, 0.3 (0.2-1.6, 0.0-1-0) OSFED (L, P): 0.3, 0.0 (0.0-1.0, 0) UFED (L, P): 0.0, 0.0 (0,0) |
Machado et al. [9] | 3048 | Portugal | ♀ | 12-23 16.2 (1.3) 18-58 21.8 (4.3) | Female high-school and university students | Screening: EDE-Q Diagnosis: EDE | Point | ED: 3.87 (CI NR) AN: 0.69 (CI NR) BN: 0.59 (CI NR) | BED: 0.62 (CI NR) EDNOS: 1.97 (CI NR) |
INTERVIEW | |||||||||
Mohler-Kuo et al. [4]e | 10,038 | Switzerland | ♀ (56%) ♂ (44%) | 15-60 (mean and SD not available) | Household survey | WHO-CIDI | Lifetime (L) 12-month (12-m) | ♀AN (L, 12-m): 1.9, 0.07 (1.6-2-3, 0.03-0.2) AN ♂ (L, 12-m): 0.2, 0.03 (0.1-0.4, 0.004-0.2) | NR |
Hay et al. [11]f | 6041 | Australia | ♀ (−) ♂ (−) | 15-96 (mean and SD not available) | Cross sectional population sample. | Items based on diagnostic items from the EDE | Point (3-month) | Total sample (% females): ED: 16.3 (15.4-17.3) AN: 0.46 (83%) (0.32-0.67) BN: 0.66 (69%) (0.49-0.9) | Total sample (% females): BED: 5.58 (57%) (5.03-6.19) OSFED-BN: 0.70 (74%) (0.51-0.94) OSFED-BED: 6.92 (55%) (6.31-7.59) OSFED-PD: 0.58 (77%) (0.42-0.80) UFED: 1.41 (73%) (1.14-1.74) |
Munn-Chernoff et al. [26]g | 3230 1790MZ 1440DZ | USA | ♀ | 18-29 Median: 22 (mean and SD not available) | Population-based twin study | Adapted version of SSAGA | Lifetime | AN: 1.37 (1.00-1.84) | OSFED-PD: 3.77 (3.14-4.49) |
Fairweather-Smith & Wade [19]h | 699 | Australia | ♀ | 12.7-19.8 (across 3 waves) (age range not available) | Adolescent female twin pairs | EDE | Calculated a total prevalence rate based on wave 1-3 | ED: 10.4 (8.3-12.9) AN: 2.0 (CI NR) BN: 1.0 (CI NR) | BED: 2.4 (CI NR) OSFED: 5.0 (CI NR) OSFED-AN:1.9 (CI NR) OSFED-BN:2.6 (CI NR) OSFED-PD: 0.6 (CI NR) |
Stice et al. [17]i | 496 | USA | ♀ | Baseline: 12-15 Mean = 13 (SD not available) | Community sample | EDDI | Lifetime (L) | AN: 0.8 (± 0.6) BN: 2.6 (± 1.4) | BED: 3.0 (± 1.3) OSFED: 11.5 (± 2.8) OSFED-AN: 2.8 (±1.5) OSFED-BN: 4.4 (±1.6) OSFED-BED: 3.6 (± 1.5) OSFED-PD: 3.4 (± 1.6) |
Hudson et al. [18]j | 888 | USA | ♀ (66.4%) ♂ (33.6%) | 18-70 46.7 (17.4) | First-degree relatives of probands with or without BED | SCID | Lifetime (L) Point (P) | NR | ♀ BED (L, P): 3.6, 1,7 (CI NR) ♂ BED (L, P): 2.1, 0.8 (CI NR) |
SELF-REPORT | |||||||||
Cossrow et al. [27]k | 22,397 | USA | ♀ (54.4%) ♂ (45.6%) | ≥18 51.1(15.8) (age range not available) | NHWS sample | Questions assessing BED criteria through a self-administered Internet survey | Lifetime (L) 3-month (3-m) 12-month (12-m) | NR | BED ♀ + ♂ (L, 3-m, 12-m): 2.03, 1.19, 1.64 (1.83-2.26, 1.04-1.37, 1.45-1.85) BED ♀: (L, 3-m, 12-m): 2,61, 1,60, 2.00 (2.34-2.92, 1.38-1.85, 1.76-2.28) BED ♂: (L, 3-m, 12-m): 1.41, 0,76, 1,24 (1.13-1.77, 0.56-1.03, 0.97-1.59) |
Hammerle et al. [36]l | 1654 | Germany | ♀ (N = 873) ♂ (N = 781) | 13.4 (0.8) (age range not available) | National school-based cross-sectional survey | SIAB-S (as questionnaire) and EDI-2 | Point | Full syndrome (sex ratio female-male) | |
AN: 0.3 (5:0) (0.1-0.7) BN: 0.4 (5:1) (0.2-0.8) | BED: 0.5 (5:3) (0.2-0.9) OSFED-AN: 3.6 (45:13) (2.7-4-5) OSFED-BN:0.0 (−) (0,-) OSFED-BED: 0.0 (−) (0,-) OSFED-PD: 1.9 (22:9) (1.3-2.77) | ||||||||
Flament et al. [14]m | 3043 | Canada | ♀ (N = 41.2%) ♂ (N = 58.8%) | 11-21 14.2 (1.6) | Community sample | EDDS | Point | ED (♀, ♂): 4.46, 2.21 (4.4-4.5, 1.5-3.2) AN (♀, ♂): 0.06, 0.0 (0.00-0.31, 0) BN (♀, ♂): 2.01, 1.31 (1.23-3.25, 0.80-2.13) | BED (♀, ♂): 0.68, 0.16 (0.27-1.71, 0.04-0.65) OSFED-PD (♀, ♂): 1.51, 0.74 (0.89-2.53, 0.38-1.41) |
Flament et al. [13]n | 3022 | Canada | ♀ (N = 1789) ♂ (N = 1233) | 11-20 14.2 (1.6) | Community sample | EDDS | Point | ED (♀ + ♂): 3.7 (2.8-4.7) AN (♀ + ♂): 0.1 (0.0-0.1) BN (♀ + ♂): 1.6 (1.61.1-2.5) | BED (♀ + ♂): 0.5 (0.2-1.2) OSFED-PD (♀ + ♂): 1.4 (1.0-1.9) |
de Zwaan et al. [21]o | 2460 | Germany | ♀ (51.1%) ♂ (48.9%) | 14-85 48.1 (19.0) | Population sample | NEQ and EDE-Q8 | Point | NR | OSFED-NES: 1.1 (CI NR) |
Runfola et al. [22] | 1636 | USA | ♀ (59.5%) ♂ (40.5%) | 18-26 20.9 (1.7) | University students | An online survey using the NEQ | Point | NR | OSFED-NES: 4.2 (CI NR) |
Allen et al. [20]p | 1383 | Australia | ♀ (49%) ♂ (51%) | 14-20 14-years: 14.0 (0.2) 17-years: 16.9 (0.2) 20-years: 20.0 (0.4) | Prospective, population-based cohort study | Items adapted from the ChEDE and the EDE-Q | Point | ED (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 8.5, 1.2 17-yrs: 15.2, 2.6 20-yrs: 15.2, 2.9 AN (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 0.3, 0.0 17-yrs: 1.4, 0.0 20-yrs: 0.6, 0.0 BN (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 2.7, 0.4 17-yrs: 8.7, 0.7 20-yrs: 7.9, 1.6 | BED (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 1.8, 0.0 17-yrs: 1.4, 1.2 20-yrs: 4.1, 0.7 OSFED (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 3.6, 0.7 17-yrs: 4.1, 0.9 20-yrs: 2.7, 0.6 OSFED-PD (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 2.7, 0.4 17-yrs: 2.1, 0.6 20-yrs: 1.6, 0.3 OSFED-AN (♀, ♂) 14-yrs: 0.9, 0.3 17-yrs: 0.0, 0.0 20-yrs: 0.1, 0.3 |
OTHER | |||||||||
Trace et al. [6]q | 13,295 | Sweden | ♀ | 20-47 (mean and SD not available) | Twin registry subsample | An expanded SCID based instrument | Lifetime | BN: 1.6 (CI NR) | BED 0.4 (CI NR) |