Body dissatisfaction, excessive exercise, and weight change strategies used by first-year undergraduate students: comparing health and physical education and other education students

Table 1 Summary statistics for analyses of covariance controlling for age for body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity for male and female HPE and non-HPE participants

	Men								Women
	HPE^a		Non-HPE^b				All men		HPE^c		Non-HPE^d				All women
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	η ²_p	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	η ²_p	Mean	SD
Body dissatisfaction	16.81	5.70	17.62	6.80	0.84	0.004	17.17	6.17	18.47	5.76	18.39	6.65	0.09	<0.001	18.31	6.38
Drive for thinness	23.25	10.63	23.21	11.75	<0.001	<0.001	23.41	11.12	24.42	8.76	23.85	8.77	0.001	<0.001	24.03	8.71
Drive for muscularity	47.13	15.87	41.56	14.74	5.70*^	0.026	44.87	15.85	28.50	12.11	25.90	10.73	3.17^¶	0.010	26.77	11.21
Obligatory exercise	50.66	10.33	45.46	11.17	10.71**	0.047	48.45	11.09	48.18	11.30	41.66	9.95	24.98***	0.072	43.86	10.82
	n	%	n	%	z		n	%	n	%	n	%	z		n	%
Percentage of obligatory exercisers	64	51.2	28	28.6	3.40***		92	41.3	44	39.3	42	19.8	3.78***		86	26.5

* p < .05; **p < .01, ***p < .001, ^¶ p < 1.0
Note: Sample sizes differed due to missing data. The following participant numbers for each cohort are provided as a guide: ^a n = 116–123; ^b n = 92–100; ^c n = 107–109; ^d n = 207–219; ^ Following Bonferroni adjustment, this result was no longer significant at an alpha of p < .01

ISSN: 2050-2974