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Table 2 Study characteristics for studies that did not directly assess the relationship between anxiety and weight

From: Does anxiety improve during weight restoration in anorexia nervosa? A systematic review

Citation

Country

Data

Time of evaluations

Refeeding protocol

Other treatment components

Sample M age (SD)

N e

ED subtype (% of N )

Treatment duration M ( SD )

Medication use f (% of N )

Anxiety measure (s)

BMI M ( SD )

Anxiety change

Brambilla et al. [51]

Italy

Longitudinal & cross sectional

T1: Ax

Slow progressive introduction of micro and macronutrientsd

CBT Psychopharmacology

Outpatient 22 (5)

22

AN-R (100)

x

Nortriptyline (50)

HARS

15.9 (1.9)

F = 25.3*

T2: 1 month

18.3 (1.7)*

T3: 2 months

14.7 (1.5)

T4: 4 months of therapy

Fluoxetine (50)

16.3 (2.6)*

Castro-Fornieles et al. [53]

Spain

Longitudinal

T1: Ax

Initiated on 1,500 kcal, progressive individually tailored increase to 2,500 kcal

Biological management & nutritional rehabilitation, behavioural program, group cognitive treatment & individual/group parent counselling

Inpatient 14.4 (1.7)

49 (1 male)

AN-R (75.5)

29.8 (17.6) days

24.5%g

STAI-Y

15.5 (1.4)

 

T2: Dx

AN-B/P (24.5)

- State

18.4 (0.8)*

t = 1.5

T3: 9 months post Dxa

 

- Trait

 

t = 1.0

Dahlgren et al. [46]

Norway

Longitudinal

T1(Inpatient): M of 36 days post Ax

x

CRT

Inpatient & Outpatient

20

x

x

x

STAI

16.81 (1.63)

 

T1 (Outpatient: M of 13 months post Ax

- State

17.73 (1.39)*

t = 1.01

T2 (All): Post CRT

- Trait

 

t = 1.54

Green et al. [47]

UK (?)

Longitudinal & cross sectional

TI (Inpatient): Ax

x

x

Inpatient 26

12

AN- R (100)

As previous

x

STAI

15.03 (0.71)

NR*

T2: After 1 week

 

- State

15.02 (0.78)

T3: After 12 weeks of therapy

17

- Trait

16.53 (0.65)*

Controls: Over 12 weeks at same intervals as inpatients

Controls 21

  

21.82 (0.53)

  

21.82 (0.53)

  

21.85 (0.52)

Lachish et al. [58]

Israel

Longitudinal & Cross sectional

T1: Within 7 days of Ax

x

SSRI and/or Atypical antipsychotics as required

Inpatient 15.9 (0.45)

24

AN-R (100)

4.23 (4.7) months

Ax – nil

STAI

15.5 (0.3)

NR (ns)

Dx – 33.3%gh

State

19.5 (0.4)*

T2: Dxb

   

Trait

x

T3: 2 – 3 yr FU

Controls

19

   

Perez et al. [48]

USA (?)

Longitudinal & cross sectional

T1: Ax

Caloric intake increased from <1200 kcal/day (T1) to ≥1800 kcal/day at T2*

x

Inpatient 15.5

16

x

As previous

56.25i

SCARED

17.3

NR (ns)

T2: 14 (±2) weeks from Ax

18.32*

  

Controls 16.8

22

2i

20.7

  

21

Pollice et al. [45]

USA (?)

Cross-sectional

1: Underweight

x

x

Inpatient 18 (±5)

22

AN-R (59%)

x

Unmedicated

HARS

72 (6)j

F = 19.29*

 

AN-B/P (41%)

STAI

94 (3)j

2: Short-term weight restored

- State

 

F = 25.86*

3: Long-term weight restored

Outpatient 24 (±4)

26

- Trait

98 (9)j

F = 22.31*

Controls 23 (±4)

18

AN-R (50%)

 

104 (8)j

 

4: Controlsc

AN-B/P (50%)

  

N/A

  
  1. Note. Ax: Admission; Dx: Discharge; FU: Follow-up. CRT: Cognitive Remediation Therapy; CBT: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy; SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. AN-R: Anorexia Nervosa – Restrictive Subtype; AN-B/P: Anorexia Nervosa – Binge/Purging Subtype. HARS: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [63]; STAI-Y: STAI Child and Adolescent Version [62]; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [61]; SCARED: Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders [64]. BMI: Body Mass Index. X: Information not reported; NR: Statistic not reported; ns: Non-significant N/A: Not applicable.
  2. *Significant at p < 0.05.
  3. aFollow-up measurement not included in current review. bDischarge defined by achievement and maintenance of desired weight for at least two consecutive weeks. cShort-term weight restored measurements were obtained from the original sample of underweight patients within one month after achieving weight restoration. Long-term weight restored sample refers to individuals who maintained weight restoration for a period of 6 months to 10 years. dDaily caloric intake not specified. eAll participants female unless otherwise indicated. fNil significant differences between patients on medication/not on medication unless otherwise indicated. gNo specification of type of pharmacological intervention provided. h% relates to portion of participants retained at discharge (50% of original sample) on medication. iAntidepressant or anxiolytic medication. jWeight measurement reported as M (SD) % of average body weight recommended for their height according to the Metropolitan Life Insurance tables (Metropolitan Life Insurance Company [55]).