Study | Patients/Age/N | Treatment type | Treatment length | Admission data | Discharge data | Follow-up data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Ayton et al. [[18]] | Adolescents | 16 detained under section 3: 7/16 patients detained under VT, 9/16 before transfer to the clinic. | IT: 14 months | BMI: IT 16.6 ± 2.6, VT 14.2 ± 1.9 | BMI: IT 19.6 ± 18.5 VT 18.5 ± 1.6 | 1 year follow-up |
UK | Total N = 50 | Nasogastric feeding: | VT: 8 months | Duration of illness: IT 3.8, VT 1.9 | Menstrual period: 69% vs. 17% | N =41 (IT: 12/16 and VT: 29/34) |
Naturalistic 3 years inclusion | IT: 16 (32%) | IT:69%, VT:12% |  | Age at onset: IT 12.5, VT 14.3 | Overall ED outcome on M-R: IT 5.3 ± 3.1, VT 4 ± 2 | Good outcome on weight and general functioning: IT 50%, VT 37.9% |
VT (parental consent): 34 (68%) |  |  | Purging type: IT 6%, VT 15% | HONOSCA: IT-28.1 ± 10.4, VT-18.3 ± 7.2 | Readmissions: | |
 |  |  | HONOSCA: IT 41.5 ± 4.8, VT 32 ± 5.0 | CGAS: IT 47.2 ± 17.0, VT 36.6 ± 15.7 | IT 16.7%, VT 34.5% | |
 |  |  | Depression: IT 94%, VT 59% CGAS: IT 13 ± 6.5, VT 27 ± 9.0 |  | Deaths: IT =0, VT =2 | |
 |  |  | Preadmissions: IT 88%, VT 29% |  |  | |
 |  |  | Low IQ: IT 19%, VT 3% |  |  | |
 |  |  | Abuse: IT 44%, VT 12% |  |  | |
 |  |  | Self-harm: IT 75%, VT 12% |  |  | |
Adults and adolescents. | Guardianship or mental health committal. Some tube feeding (46% vs. 16%). Locked ward (42% vs. 1%) Otherwise not defined. | IT: 52 days | BMI: IT 13.2 ± 1.7, VT 14.03 ± 1.8 | BMI: IT 14.9 ± 1.4, VT 15.4 ± 2.3 |  | |
Australia | Total N = 70 |  | VT: 47 days | Purging type: IT 23%, VT 33% | Weight gain: IT 5.0 ± 6.6, VT 3.7 ± 5.3 |  |
Naturalistic 5 years inclusion | 70 patients with 96 admissions. |  | Mean: 49 days. | Preadmissions: IT 3.9 ± 3.4, VT 1.7 ± 2.3, |  |  |
IT: 23 (33%) |  | 40% <3 weeks. | Psychiatric comorbidity: IT 2 ± 1.6, VT 1 ± 0.9 |  |  | |
VT: 47 (67%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
3. Griffiths et al. [[14]] , Australia | Age 16–44 years | Guardianship. | IT: 15 weeks | BMI: IT 13.41 ± 1.76, VT 14.3 ± 2.2 | BMI: IT 18.05 ± 2.14, VT 17.2 ± 2.9 | 3 of 15 IT patients reached at follow-up – 1 of 15 died, 4 not located. |
Naturalistic, | Total N = 88 | Otherwise not defined. | VT: 9 weeks | Binge/purge type: IT 60%, VT 43% | Weight gain: IT 10 kg, VT 8.7 | Â |
IT cases from 4 units compared to VT | IT: 15 (17%) | Â | Â | Residence - metropolitan: IT 67%, VT 50% | Reached target weight: IT 26.7%, VT 42% | Â |
from one of the units. | VT: 73 (83%) | Â | Â | SES: IT 40%, VT 11% | Â | |
4. Kondo et al. [[22]] | Age 12–44 years | Involuntary admission for treatment and protection. | IT: 216 days | BMI: IT 15.3 ± 5.1, | Good outcome BMI: |  |
Japan | Total N = 70 |  | VT: 70 days | VT 14.6 ± 8.0 | IT 75%, VT 55% |  |
Naturalistic | IT: 8 (13%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | VT: 62 |  |  |  |  |  |
5. Laakman et al. [[17]] | Age 16-39 | Guardianship, forced feeding by tube until BMI = 17.5 | Total 158 days | BMI: | BMI: | Â |
Germany | Total N = 25 | Â | IT: 183 days | IT: 11.8 | IT: 16.6 | Â |
Naturalistic, all patients from 1 unit. | IT: 11 (44%) | Â | P: 166 days | P: 11.9 | P: 16.7 | Â |
 | Persuaded (P): |  | PC: 145 days | PC: 14.6 | PC: 17.8 |  |
7 (28%) | Â | VT: 98 days | VT: 12.1 | VT: 18.8 | Â | |
Parental consent (PC): 2 (8%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
VT: 5 (20%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
6. Ramsay et al. [[15]] | Adults | 7/81 involuntary admitted, 30/81 | IT: 113 days | BMI: IT 14.2 ± 2.7, VT 14.3 ± 2.4), | BMI: IT 18.7 ± 2.3, | 5.7 years follow-up: |
UK | Total N = 162 | Detained after voluntary admission, 35/81 detained in other hospital before transfer to unit. | VT: 88 days | Bingeing history: IT 41%, VT 44% | VT 18.5 ± 2.0. | Deaths: IT 12.7% vs. VT 2.6% |
Time matched controls | IT: 81 (50%) | No tube-feeding or physical restraint. | Â | Vomiting history: IT 51%, VT 44% | Days to target weight (equal to treatment length: | 9 out of 12 death certificates included AN |
 | VT: 81 (50%) |  |  | Laxative history: IT 49%, VT 49% | IT 113 days, VT 88 days |  |
 |  |  |  | Preadmissions: IT 3.3, VT 1.8 Childhood abuse: IT 24%, VT 10% |  |  |
 |  |  |  | Self-harm: IT 59% vs. VT 33% |  |  |
7. Serfaty & McCluskey [[23]] | Adults | Involuntary admitted only | Not specified | Mean BMI: 12.7 | Mean BMI: 18.6 | Mean Follow-up time 1 year |
UK | Total N = 11 | 7/11 Nasogastric feeding. | Â | Duration of illness 14.1 year | BMI >17.5 = 27% | Mean BMI: 17.9 |
Naturalistic cases Patients in IT only | All treated involuntary | Â | Â | Â | Â | BMI >17.5 = 45.5% |
8. Watson et al. [[16]] | Adults | Involuntary admitted. | IT: 58 days | BMI: IT 17.4 ± 4.7, VT 18.4 ± 4.7 Preadmissions: IT 3, VT 1.4 | BMI: IT 20.5 ± 3.8, VT 20.7 ± 3.6 |  |
USA | Total N = 397 |  | VT: 41 days | IQ: IT 91, VT 98 | Weight gain: IT 18.8 ± 15.9, VT 13.9 ± 14.5 pounds |  |
Naturalistic | IT: 66 (17%) | Â | Â | Equal eating disorder symptoms, depression, and substance abuse. | Days to restored weight: IT: 58 days | Â |
7 years inclusion | VT: 331 (83%) | Â | Â | Â | VT: 41 days (Equal to treatment length) | Â |